人工智能写作工具的自动社交存在对中国英语作为外语的大学生二语写作焦虑的影响

Dear Participant,

Thank you for taking the time to participate in this research study. This questionnaire aims to investigate Chinese EFL university students’ experiences with AI writing tools (e.g., ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Doubao, Kimi) when completing English writing tasks. Your responses will help us better understand how AI writing assistants influence students’ psychological experiences in second language writing.

This survey will take approximately 12-15 minutes to complete. All responses are anonymous and confidential. There are no right or wrong answers—please respond based on your actual experiences and perceptions.

Your participation is entirely voluntary. You may withdraw at any time without penalty.

Section 1: Screening Questions

Please answer the following questions to determine your eligibility for this study.

*
1.

1. Have you used AI tools to assist with English writing tasks?

Yes
No
*
2.

In the past month, approximately how many times have you used AI tools to assist with English writing?

0 times
1-2times
3-5 times
6-10 times
More than 10 times
*
3.

Which AI tool(s) have you primarily used for English writing assistance? (Select all that apply)

【多选题】
ChatGPT
Deepseek
DouBao
Kimi
ERNIE Bot
Tongyi Qianwen
iFlytek Spark

Section 2: Demographic Information

*
4.

Gender

Male
Female
*
5.
Age
18-20
21-23
24-26
27-29
*
6.
Year of study
Freshman (Year 1)
Sophomore (Year 2)
Junior (Year 3)
Senior (Year 4)
Graduate student
*
7.
Major field of study
English / Foreign Languages
Other Humanities / Social Sciences
Science / Engineering
Business / Economics
Other
*
8.

How long have you been using AI tools for English writing assistance?

Less than 1 month
1-3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
More than 1 year

Section 3: Automated Social Presence (ASP)

The following statements describe your perceptions of AI writing tools when using them for English writing assistance. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

*
9.
AI writing tools make me feel a sense of personalness.
很不满意
很满意
*
10.
AI writing tools make me feel a sense of sociability.
很不满意
很满意
*
11.
AI writing tools make me feel a sense of human warmth.
很不满意
很满意
*
12.
AI writing tools make me feel a sense of familiarity with our conversation.
很不满意
很满意
*
13.
AI writing tools make me feel a sense of being friendly.
很不满意
很满意
*
14.
I can communicate with AI writing tools whenever I want.
很不满意
很满意
*
15.
I can communicate with AI writing tools from anywhere.
很不满意
很满意
*
16.
AI writing tools can understand my specific writing needs.
很不满意
很满意
*
17.
AI writing tools always look for ways to make my writing experience enjoyable.
很不满意
很满意
*
18.
AI writing tools make me feel that it is normal for me to have different writing ideas.
很不满意
很满意
*
19.
I can get a relevant response from AI writing tools regarding my writing questions.
很不满意
很满意
*
20.
I can get the writing suggestions I expect from AI writing tools.
很不满意
很满意
*
21.
I can get an appropriate response from AI writing tools for my writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
22.
I can get useful writing information from AI writing tools.
很不满意
很满意
*
23.
AI writing tools can respond to me when I need them.
很不满意
很满意
*
24.
I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools in many forms.
很不满意
很满意
*
25.
I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various nonverbal forms (e.g., symbols, images).
很不满意
很满意
*
26.
I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various ways of language.
很不满意
很满意
*
27.
I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various symbols.
很不满意
很满意
*
28.
AI writing tools are well-trained for writing assistance.
很不满意
很满意
*
29.
AI writing tools are experienced in providing writing support.
很不满意
很满意
*
30.
AI writing tools understand my writing preferences very well.
很不满意
很满意

Section 4: AI Self-Efficacy (AISE)

The following statements describe your confidence in using AI tools for English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

*
31.
AI tools make my English writing tasks easier.
很不满意
很满意
*
32.
I find that AI tools are helpful for my English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
33.
AI tools are good aids for my English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
34.
Using AI tools makes English writing more interesting.
很不满意
很满意
*
35.
I am confident in my ability to learn how to use AI tools effectively for English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
36.
AI tools help me save a lot of time in English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
37.
I find it easy to get AI tools to do what I want them to do for my English writing.
很不满意
很满意

Section 5: AI Dependency (AID)

The following statements describe your reliance on AI tools for English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

*
38.
I feel unprotected when I do not have access to AI tools for English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
39.
I am concerned about being left behind in my writing tasks if I do not use AI tools.
很不满意
很满意
*
40.
I do everything possible to stay updated with AI tools to remain competitive in English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
41.
I constantly need validation or feedback from AI toolsto feel confident in my English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
42.
I fear that AI tools might replace my current English writing skills or abilities.
很不满意
很满意

Section 6: Second Language Writing Anxiety (L2WA)

The following statements describe your feelings about English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

*
43.
I worry that my English compositions are a lot worse than others’.
很不满意
很满意
*
44.
If my English composition is to be evaluated, I would worry about getting a very poor grade.
很不满意
很满意
*
45.
I am afraid that the other students would deride my English composition if they read it.
很不满意
很满意
*
46.
I am afraid of my English composition being chosen as a sample for discussion in class.
很不满意
很满意
*
47.
While writing in English, I often worry that the ways I express and organize my ideas do not conform to the norm of English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
48.
While writing in English, I often worry that I would use expressions and sentence patterns improperly.
很不满意
很满意
Attention detection
*
49.
To ensure the quality of responses, please select “Agree” for this item.
很不满意
很满意

Section 7: Lying Flat(LF)

The following statements describe your attitudes toward English writing achievement. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

*
50.
I do not have any goals and pursuits for improving my English writing.
很不满意
很满意
*
51.
I feel that it is hard to improve my English writing with my personal efforts, so I choose to give up trying.
很不满意
很满意
*
52.
I don't work hard at English writing tasks.
很不满意
很满意
*
53.
I am always reluctant to put effort into English writing assignments.
很不满意
很满意
*
54.
I often finish my English writing tasks perfunctorily.
很不满意
很满意
*
55.
I am satisfied with my current English writing level and don't want to strive for improvement.
很不满意
很满意
End of Questionnaire
Thank you for completing this questionnaire. Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute valuable insights to our understanding of AI-assisted language learning.
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