《数字领导力在华技术制造业组织绩效中的作用：员工发展、市场导向和创新能力的中介效应》

1.Gender

Male

Female

2.Age

20-30 years old

31-40 years old

41-50 years old

51 years old

3.Education

Below Bachelor's Degree

Bachelor's Degree

Master's Degree

Doctoral Degree

4.Duration of Employment

Less than 1 year

1-2 years

3-4 years

Over 5 years

5.Current Position

Operational level employee

Supervisor/Junior manager

Middle Manager

Senior Executive

6.Working Experience in Current Organization

1-5 years

6-10 years

11-15 years

More than 16 years

Please fill in according to your situation. 1 indicates "strongly disagree", and 5 indicates "strongly agree". The same is true for other scales.

Section 2 Opinions on digitalleadership：

Visionary Leadership

	1	2	3	4	5
VL1. Your leaders have a clear vision for using digital technology to develop the organization.
VL1. Your leaders have a clear vision for using digital technology to develop the organization.
VL2. Your leaders can clearly communicate the digital vision to employees.
VL2. Your leaders can clearly communicate the digital vision to employees.
VL3. Your leaders can anticipate and prepare for technological changes.
VL3. Your leaders can anticipate and prepare for technological changes.

Digital Learning Culture

	1	2	3	4	5
DLC1. Your leaders promote continuous learning and development of employees' digital skills.
DLC1. Your leaders promote continuous learning and development of employees' digital skills.
DLC 2. Your leaders create an environment conducive to experimenting with new technologies and ways of working.
DLC 2. Your leaders create an environment conducive to experimenting with new technologies and ways of working.
DLC 3. Your leaders encourage employees to share their knowledge and experiences in digital technology.
DLC 3. Your leaders encourage employees to share their knowledge and experiences in digital technology.

Excellence in Professional Practice

	1	2	3	4	5
EPP1. Your leaders are skilled in applying digital technology to their work.
EPP1. Your leaders are skilled in applying digital technology to their work.
EPP 2. Your leaders demonstrate high standards of performance in the digital age.
EPP 2. Your leaders demonstrate high standards of performance in the digital age.
EPP 3. Your leaders effectively solve problems related to the use of technology.
EPP 3. Your leaders effectively solve problems related to the use of technology.

Systematic Improvement

	1	2	3	4	5
SI1. Your leaders plan and implement continuous digital system improvements.
SI1. Your leaders plan and implement continuous digital system improvements.
SI 2. Your leaders use data and information to make decisions that improve work processes.
SI 2. Your leaders use data and information to make decisions that improve work processes.
SI 3. Your leaders regularly monitor and evaluate the results of digital system improvements.
SI 3. Your leaders regularly monitor and evaluate the results of digital system improvements.

Digital Citizenship

	1	2	3	4	5
DC1. Your leaders promote the ethical and responsible use of digital technology.
DC1. Your leaders promote the ethical and responsible use of digital technology.
DC 2. Your leaders prioritize cybersecurity and data protection.
DC 2. Your leaders prioritize cybersecurity and data protection.
DC 3. Your leaders raise awareness of the impact of technology on society.
DC 3. Your leaders raise awareness of the impact of technology on society.

Section 3 Opinions on employee development：

Participation and Empowerment

	1	2	3	4	5
PE1. Your organization allows employees to participate in decision-making about their work.
PE1. Your organization allows employees to participate in decision-making about their work.
PE 2. Employees are empowered to make decisions about their work.
PE 2. Employees are empowered to make decisions about their work.
PE 3. Your organization encourages employees to express their opinions and provide new ideas.
PE 3. Your organization encourages employees to express their opinions and provide new ideas.

Training and Development

	1	2	3	4	5
TD1. Your organization provides ongoing training to develop essential skills.
TD1. Your organization provides ongoing training to develop essential skills.
TD 2. Training is organized in line with employees’ development needs.
TD 2. Training is organized in line with employees’ development needs.
TD 3. Your organization provides the resources necessary for employee development.
TD 3. Your organization provides the resources necessary for employee development.

Personal Development

	1	2	3	4	5
PD1. Employees have opportunities to learn and develop themselves beyond formal training.
PD1. Employees have opportunities to learn and develop themselves beyond formal training.
PD 2. Your organization encourages employees to plan for their continuous development.
PD 2. Your organization encourages employees to plan for their continuous development.
PD 3. Employees have access to knowledge sources and tools for personal development.
PD 3. Employees have access to knowledge sources and tools for personal development.

Career Development

	1	2	3	4	5
CD1. Your organization provides employees with a clear career path.
CD1. Your organization provides employees with a clear career path.
CD 2. Promotion within the organization is based on employees’ abilities and performance.
CD 2. Promotion within the organization is based on employees’ abilities and performance.
CD 3. Your organization supports the development of skills necessary for career growth.
CD 3. Your organization supports the development of skills necessary for career growth.

Section 4 Opinions on market orientation：

Customer Focus

	1	2	3	4	5
CTF1. Your organization prioritizes understanding and meeting customer needs.
CTF1. Your organization prioritizes understanding and meeting customer needs.
CTF 2. Your organization has an effective system for listening to and managing customer feedback.
CTF 2. Your organization has an effective system for listening to and managing customer feedback.
CTF 3. Your organization develops products and services with customer needs in mind.
CTF 3. Your organization develops products and services with customer needs in mind.

Competitor Focus

	1	2	3	4	5
CF1. Your organization regularly analyzes and monitors competitors’ strategies.
CF1. Your organization regularly analyzes and monitors competitors’ strategies.
CF 2. Your organization improves its operations to maintain its competitiveness.
CF 2. Your organization improves its operations to maintain its competitiveness.
CF 3. Your organization can quickly respond to changes in competitors.
CF 3. Your organization can quickly respond to changes in competitors.

Internal Coordination

	1	2	3	4	5
ICO1. There is sharing of information and resources across departments in the organization.
ICO1. There is sharing of information and resources across departments in the organization.
ICO2. There is effective coordination between departments in the organization.
ICO2. There is effective coordination between departments in the organization.
ICO3. Employees in the organization work together to achieve common goals.
ICO3. Employees in the organization work together to achieve common goals.

Part 5 Opinions on innovationcapability：

Product Innovation

	1	2	3	4	5
PTI1. Your organization can develop new products that meet market needs.
PTI1. Your organization can develop new products that meet market needs.
PTI 2. Your organization can continuously improve its products.
PTI 2. Your organization can continuously improve its products.
PTI 3. Your organization offers products that are distinct from competitors.
PTI 3. Your organization offers products that are distinct from competitors.

Process Innovation

	1	2	3	4	5
PSI1. Your organization consistently improves its work processes for greater efficiency.
PSI1. Your organization consistently improves its work processes for greater efficiency.
PSI 2. Your organization utilizes new technologies to enhance its production processes.
PSI 2. Your organization utilizes new technologies to enhance its production processes.
PSI 3. Your organization reduces costs and operational time through process innovation.
PSI 3. Your organization reduces costs and operational time through process innovation.

Marketing Innovation

	1	2	3	4	5
MI1. Your organization has innovative methods for introducing products to the market.
MI1. Your organization has innovative methods for introducing products to the market.
MI 2. Your organization effectively identifies and reaches new markets.
MI 2. Your organization effectively identifies and reaches new markets.
MI 3. Your organization is creative in its marketing communication and promotion.
MI 3. Your organization is creative in its marketing communication and promotion.

Behavioral Innovation

	1	2	3	4	5
BI1. The employees in this organization are proactive in driving innovation.
BI1. The employees in this organization are proactive in driving innovation.
BI 2. Your organization encourages employees to experiment with new ways of working.
BI 2. Your organization encourages employees to experiment with new ways of working.
BI 3. Employees in this organization are free to propose and test innovative ideas.
BI 3. Employees in this organization are free to propose and test innovative ideas.

Strategic Innovation

	1	2	3	4	5
SIV1. Your organization can develop new business models.
SIV1. Your organization can develop new business models.
SIV 2. Your organization can adapt its strategies to changing market conditions.
SIV 2. Your organization can adapt its strategies to changing market conditions.
SIV 3. Your organization has new approaches to creating value for customers.
SIV 3. Your organization has new approaches to creating value for customers.

Part 6 Opinions on organizational performance：

Financial Performance

	1	2	3	4	5
FP1. The organization consistently experiences an increase in revenue growth.
FP1. The organization consistently experiences an increase in revenue growth.
FP2. The organization has higher profitability than the industry average.
FP2. The organization has higher profitability than the industry average.
FP3. The organization effectively manages operating costs.
FP3. The organization effectively manages operating costs.
FP4. The organization achieves satisfactory returns on investment.
FP4. The organization achieves satisfactory returns on investment.
FP5. The organization maintains stable cash flow from operations.
FP5. The organization maintains stable cash flow from operations.

Non-financial Performance

	1	2	3	4	5
NFP1. The organization consistently increases its market share.
NFP1. The organization consistently increases its market share.
NFP2. Customers are highly satisfied with the organization's products and services.
NFP2. Customers are highly satisfied with the organization's products and services.
NFP3. The organization effectively retains its existing customer base while acquiring new customers.
NFP3. The organization effectively retains its existing customer base while acquiring new customers.
NFP4. Employees are highly engaged and satisfied with the organization.
NFP4. Employees are highly engaged and satisfied with the organization.
NFP5. The organization has a strong image and reputation in the industry.
NFP5. The organization has a strong image and reputation in the industry.
NFP6. The organization has efficient and effective internal processes.
NFP6. The organization has efficient and effective internal processes.
NFP7. The organization adapts well to changes in the business environment.
NFP7. The organization adapts well to changes in the business environment.
NFP8. The organization continuously develops and improves its operations.
NFP8. The organization continuously develops and improves its operations.
NFP9. The organization demonstrates responsibility toward society and the environment.
NFP9. The organization demonstrates responsibility toward society and the environment.
NFP10. The organization effectively develops its human resources.
NFP10. The organization effectively develops its human resources.