Questionnaire 问卷调查

Leadership in the AI Era and Nurses’ Work Behaviors 人工智能时代的领导力与护士的工作行为
Please place a check mark in the box that corresponds to your opinion. 请在与您的意见相符的方框内打勾

How strongly do you agree with the following statements? 您对以下陈述的同意程度如何？

Paradoxical Leadership悖论式领导力

	Strongly Dis Agree非常不赞同(1)	Dis agree 不赞同(2)	Some what Dis agree 有时候不同意(3)	Neither Agree nor Dis Agree同意赞同也不反对(4)	Some what Agree一定程度上赞同(5)	Agree赞同(6)	Strongly Agree强烈赞同(7)
1.My supervisor treats subordinates fairly and equally, while also recognizing each individual's unique differences. 我的主管公平、平等地对待下属，同时也认可每个人的独特差异。
1.My supervisor treats subordinates fairly and equally, while also recognizing each individual's unique differences. 我的主管公平、平等地对待下属，同时也认可每个人的独特差异。
2.My supervisor takes the lead in work tasks while allowing others to share leadership responsibilities.我的主管在工作任务中以身作则，同时允许他人共同承担领导责任。
2.My supervisor takes the lead in work tasks while allowing others to share leadership responsibilities.我的主管在工作任务中以身作则，同时允许他人共同承担领导责任。
3.My supervisor controls important work issues while allowing subordinates to handle the details of their work independently.我的主管会控制重要的工作事务，同时允许下属独立处理工作细节。
3.My supervisor controls important work issues while allowing subordinates to handle the details of their work independently.我的主管会控制重要的工作事务，同时允许下属独立处理工作细节。
4.My supervisor has high expectations for work performance while not being overly critical.我的主管对工作绩效有较高期望，但不会过度批评。
4.My supervisor has high expectations for work performance while not being overly critical.我的主管对工作绩效有较高期望，但不会过度批评。
5.My supervisor recognizes the distinction between supervisors and subordinates but does not act superior to others. 我的主管认可上下级之间的区别，但不会表现出高人一等的态度
5.My supervisor recognizes the distinction between supervisors and subordinates but does not act superior to others. 我的主管认可上下级之间的区别，但不会表现出高人一等的态度

AI Job Replacement Anxiety AI工作替代焦虑

	Strongly Dis Agree非常不赞同(1)	Dis agree 不赞同(2)	Some what Dis agree 有时候不同意(3)	Neither Agree nor Dis Agree同意赞同也不反对(4)	Some what Agree一定程度上赞同(5)	Agree赞同(6)	Strongly Agree强烈赞同(7)
1.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may make us dependent.我担心人工智能技术或产品会让我们产生依赖。
1.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may make us dependent.我担心人工智能技术或产品会让我们产生依赖。
2.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may make us even lazier.我担心人工智能技术或产品会让人变得更加懒惰。
2.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may make us even lazier.我担心人工智能技术或产品会让人变得更加懒惰。
3.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may replace humans.我担心人工智能技术或产品会取代人类。
3.I am afraid that an AI technique/product may replace humans.我担心人工智能技术或产品会取代人类。
4.I am afraid that widespread use of humanoid robots will take jobs away from people.我担心广泛使用类人机器人会让人类失去工作。
4.I am afraid that widespread use of humanoid robots will take jobs away from people.我担心广泛使用类人机器人会让人类失去工作。
5.I am afraid that if I begin to use AI techniques/products I will become dependent upon them and lose some of my reasoning skills.我担心如果我开始使用人工智能技术或产品，我会对其产生依赖并失去部分推理能力。
5.I am afraid that if I begin to use AI techniques/products I will become dependent upon them and lose some of my reasoning skills.我担心如果我开始使用人工智能技术或产品，我会对其产生依赖并失去部分推理能力。
6.I am afraid that AI techniques/products will replace someone's job. 我担心人工智能技术或产品会取代某些人的工作
6.I am afraid that AI techniques/products will replace someone's job. 我担心人工智能技术或产品会取代某些人的工作

Please indicate how often your supervisor shows the following behaviors. 请指出您的主管出现以下行为的频率。

Ambidextrous Leadership(Opening Leadership Behavior)双元领导（开放型领导行为）

	Not at all 一点也不会(1)	Rarely罕见 (2)	Sometimes有时 (3)	Often经常 (4)	Frequently频繁 (5)
1. My supervisor allows different ways of accomplishing a task. 我的主管允许采用不同的方法完成任务。
1. My supervisor allows different ways of accomplishing a task. 我的主管允许采用不同的方法完成任务。
2. My supervisor encourages experimentation with different ideas. 我的主管鼓励尝试不同的想法。
2. My supervisor encourages experimentation with different ideas. 我的主管鼓励尝试不同的想法。
3. My supervisor motivates employees to take risks in their work. . 我的主管鼓励员工在工作中承担风险。
3. My supervisor motivates employees to take risks in their work. . 我的主管鼓励员工在工作中承担风险。
4. My supervisor gives employees opportunities for independent thinking and acting. . 我的主管给予员工独立思考和行动的机会。
4. My supervisor gives employees opportunities for independent thinking and acting. . 我的主管给予员工独立思考和行动的机会。
5. My supervisor gives room for employees’ own ideas. 我的主管为员工表达自己的想法提供空间。
5. My supervisor gives room for employees’ own ideas. 我的主管为员工表达自己的想法提供空间。
6. My supervisor allows employees to make mistakes. 我的主管允许员工犯错误。
6. My supervisor allows employees to make mistakes. 我的主管允许员工犯错误。
7. My supervisor encourages employees to learn from errors. 我的主管鼓励员工从错误中学习
7. My supervisor encourages employees to learn from errors. 我的主管鼓励员工从错误中学习
8. My supervisor monitors and controls goal attainment. . 我的主管监督和控制目标的实现情况。
8. My supervisor monitors and controls goal attainment. . 我的主管监督和控制目标的实现情况。
9. My supervisor establishes clear work routines.我的主管建立清晰的工作流程。
9. My supervisor establishes clear work routines.我的主管建立清晰的工作流程。
10. My supervisor takes corrective action when necessary.我的主管在必要时采取纠正措施。
10. My supervisor takes corrective action when necessary.我的主管在必要时采取纠正措施。
11. My supervisor ensures that employees follow the rules. 我的主管确保员工遵守规则。
11. My supervisor ensures that employees follow the rules. 我的主管确保员工遵守规则。
12. My supervisor takes action when errors occur. 当错误发生时，我的主管会采取行动。
12. My supervisor takes action when errors occur. 当错误发生时，我的主管会采取行动。
13. My supervisor ensures that work follows established plans. 我的主管确保工作按照既定计划执行
13. My supervisor ensures that work follows established plans. 我的主管确保工作按照既定计划执行

Idiosyncratic deals (Flexibility) 个性化协议（灵活性）

	Not at all 一点也不会(1)	Rarely罕见 (2)	Sometimes有时 (3)	Often经常 (4)	Frequently频繁 (5)
1. I have successfully negotiated flexibility in my shift starting or ending times that differs from the standard schedule in my unit. 我成功与主管协商了不同于科室标准安排的上下班时间。
1. I have successfully negotiated flexibility in my shift starting or ending times that differs from the standard schedule in my unit. 我成功与主管协商了不同于科室标准安排的上下班时间。
2. I have negotiated an individually customized work schedule with my supervisor to better accommodate my professional or personal needs.我与主管协商制定了个性化的工作时间安排，以更好地满足我的职业或个人需求。
2. I have negotiated an individually customized work schedule with my supervisor to better accommodate my professional or personal needs.我与主管协商制定了个性化的工作时间安排，以更好地满足我的职业或个人需求。
3. I have negotiated specific on-the-job clinical activities that support my professional development. 我协商获得了支持我职业发展的特定临床工作机会。
3. I have negotiated specific on-the-job clinical activities that support my professional development. 我协商获得了支持我职业发展的特定临床工作机会。
4. I have negotiated individualized training opportunities (e.g., workshops, certifications, or clinical training) with my supervisor. 我与主管协商获得了个性化培训机会（如研讨会、证书培训或临床培训）。
4. I have negotiated individualized training opportunities (e.g., workshops, certifications, or clinical training) with my supervisor. 我与主管协商获得了个性化培训机会（如研讨会、证书培训或临床培训）。
5. I have negotiated special opportunities to develop new clinical skills or competencies tailored to my strengths or career goals. 我协商获得了专门机会，以发展符合我优势或职业目标的新临床技能或能力。
5. I have negotiated special opportunities to develop new clinical skills or competencies tailored to my strengths or career goals. 我协商获得了专门机会，以发展符合我优势或职业目标的新临床技能或能力。
6. My supervisor has created career development opportunities for me that differ from those provided to most other nurses. 我的主管为我创造了不同于其他大多数护士的职业发展机会
6. My supervisor has created career development opportunities for me that differ from those provided to most other nurses. 我的主管为我创造了不同于其他大多数护士的职业发展机会

Please indicate how strongly you agree with the following statements about your work请选出您对以下关于您工作的陈述的同意程度。

Quiet Quitting 安静离职

	Strongly disagree强烈不赞同 (1)	Disagree不赞同 (2)	Neither disagree nor agree不赞同也不反对 (3)	Agree 赞同(4)	Strongly agree 强烈不赞同(5)
1. I feel a lack of motivation in my job. 我对工作缺乏动力
1. I feel a lack of motivation in my job. 我对工作缺乏动力
2. I rarely feel inspired when I work. 我在工作时很少感到受到激励。
2. I rarely feel inspired when I work. 我在工作时很少感到受到激励。
3. I do only the basic or minimum amount of work required without going beyond what is expected. 我只完成最低限度的工作要求，不会额外付出。
3. I do only the basic or minimum amount of work required without going beyond what is expected. 我只完成最低限度的工作要求，不会额外付出。
4. If a colleague can handle some of my tasks, I prefer to let them do it. 如果同事可以处理我的部分任务，我更愿意让他们去做。
4. If a colleague can handle some of my tasks, I prefer to let them do it. 如果同事可以处理我的部分任务，我更愿意让他们去做。
5. I do not express my opinions and ideas about my work because I am afraid that my manager will assign me more tasks. 我不表达意见，因为担心主管会给我更多任务。
5. I do not express my opinions and ideas about my work because I am afraid that my manager will assign me more tasks. 我不表达意见，因为担心主管会给我更多任务。
6. I do not express my opinions and ideas about my work because I believe that the working conditions will not change. 我不表达意见，因为我认为工作环境不会改变。
6. I do not express my opinions and ideas about my work because I believe that the working conditions will not change. 我不表达意见，因为我认为工作环境不会改变。
7.I try to take as many breaks as possible during my work.我在工作中尽可能多地休息。
7.I try to take as many breaks as possible during my work.我在工作中尽可能多地休息。
8.I rarely take initiative beyond what is required in my work我很少主动做超出要求的事情。
8.I rarely take initiative beyond what is required in my work我很少主动做超出要求的事情。
9. I sometimes pretend to be busy in order to avoid additional tasks. 我有时会假装很忙以避免额外任务
9. I sometimes pretend to be busy in order to avoid additional tasks. 我有时会假装很忙以避免额外任务

Please indicate how strongly you agree with the following statements about your work请指出您对以下关于您工作的陈述的同意程度。

Thriving at Work在工作中取得成功

	Strongly disagree强烈不赞同 (1)	Disagree不赞同 (2)	Neither disagree nor agree不赞同也不反对 (3)	Agree 赞同(4)	Strongly agree 强烈不赞同(5)
1. At work, I feel alive and vital. 在工作中，我感到充满活力。
1. At work, I feel alive and vital. 在工作中，我感到充满活力。
3. At work, I feel energetic. 在工作中，我感到精力旺盛。
3. At work, I feel energetic. 在工作中，我感到精力旺盛。
4. At work, I feel alert and awake. 在工作中，我感到警觉和清醒。
4. At work, I feel alert and awake. 在工作中，我感到警觉和清醒。
5. At work, I look forward to each new day. 我期待每一个新的工作日。
5. At work, I look forward to each new day. 我期待每一个新的工作日。
6. At work, I find myself learning often. 在工作中，我经常学习新知识。
6. At work, I find myself learning often. 在工作中，我经常学习新知识。
7. At work, I continue to learn more as time goes by. 随着时间推移，我在工作中持续学习。
7. At work, I continue to learn more as time goes by. 随着时间推移，我在工作中持续学习。
8. At work, I see myself continually improving. 在工作中，我看到自己不断进步。
8. At work, I see myself continually improving. 在工作中，我看到自己不断进步。
9. At work, I am learning and developing. 在工作中，我正在学习和成长。
9. At work, I am learning and developing. 在工作中，我正在学习和成长。
10. At work, I am developing a lot as a person. 在工作中，我得到不断发展
10. At work, I am developing a lot as a person. 在工作中，我得到不断发展

Decent Work体面工作

	Strongly disagree强烈不赞同 (1)	Disagree不赞同 (2)	Neither disagree nor agree不赞同也不反对 (3)	Agree 赞同(4)	Strongly agree 强烈不赞同(5)
1. Through my work I can develop myself professionally 通过我的工作，我可以在职业上获得发展。
1. Through my work I can develop myself professionally 通过我的工作，我可以在职业上获得发展。
2. I have all the resources and support that I need to work safely我拥有安全工作的所有资源和支持。
2. I have all the resources and support that I need to work safely我拥有安全工作的所有资源和支持。
3. I think that I have prospects for improving my salary/benefits. 我认为我有机会提升工资或福利。
3. I think that I have prospects for improving my salary/benefits. 我认为我有机会提升工资或福利。
4. At my work/job, I am treated with dignity. 在工作中，我受到有尊严的对待。
4. At my work/job, I am treated with dignity. 在工作中，我受到有尊严的对待。
5. What I earn through my work allows me to live my life with dignity and independence 我的收入可以让我有尊严且独立地生活。
5. What I earn through my work allows me to live my life with dignity and independence 我的收入可以让我有尊严且独立地生活。
6. I feel that I am protected if I become unemployed (unemployment insurance, government/social benefits, social programmes, etc.) 如果我失业，我感觉自己会受到保障。
6. I feel that I am protected if I become unemployed (unemployment insurance, government/social benefits, social programmes, etc.) 如果我失业，我感觉自己会受到保障。
7. I feel that I am protected if I become ill (social security or equivalent, NHS, public aid, health insurance, etc.) 如果我生病，我感觉自己会受到保障。
7. I feel that I am protected if I become ill (social security or equivalent, NHS, public aid, health insurance, etc.) 如果我生病，我感觉自己会受到保障。
8. I consider the pace of my work/job to be appropriate我认为我的工作节奏是适当的
8. I consider the pace of my work/job to be appropriate我认为我的工作节奏是适当的

Cynicism犬儒主义

	Strongly disagree强烈不赞同 (1)	Disagree不赞同 (2)	Neither disagree nor agree不赞同也不反对 (3)	Agree 赞同(4)	Strongly agree 强烈不赞同(5)
1. I have become less enthusiastic about my work. 我对工作的热情减少了。
1. I have become less enthusiastic about my work. 我对工作的热情减少了。
2. I have become more cynical about whether my work contributes anything. 我对工作的意义更加怀疑。
2. I have become more cynical about whether my work contributes anything. 我对工作的意义更加怀疑。
3. I doubt the significance of my work. 我怀疑自己工作的价值。
3. I doubt the significance of my work. 我怀疑自己工作的价值。
4. I have become less interested in my work since I started this job. 自从开始这份工作以来，我对工作的兴趣减少了。
4. I have become less interested in my work since I started this job. 自从开始这份工作以来，我对工作的兴趣减少了。
5. I have become more indifferent toward my work. 我对工作变得更加冷漠。
5. I have become more indifferent toward my work. 我对工作变得更加冷漠。

Please indicate how often your supervisor shows the following behaviors. 请指出您的主管出现以下行为的频率。

Service Bounded Improvisation (Creativity) 服务受限即兴（创造力）

	Not at all 一点也不会(1)	Rarely (2)很罕见	Sometimes (3)有时	Often (4)经常	Frequently (5)频繁
1. I often try new approaches to solve patients' problems within clinical practice guidelines. 我经常尝试在临床实践指南范围内，运用新的方法解决患者的问题。
1. I often try new approaches to solve patients' problems within clinical practice guidelines. 我经常尝试在临床实践指南范围内，运用新的方法解决患者的问题。
2. I often adapt standard care routines to respond to patients' needs without violating nursing standards. 我经常调整标准护理流程，以满足患者的需求，同时不违反护理标准。
2. I often adapt standard care routines to respond to patients' needs without violating nursing standards. 我经常调整标准护理流程，以满足患者的需求，同时不违反护理标准。
3. I often have to be creative to meet patients' needs within the boundaries of professional nursing practice. 我经常需要发挥创造力，在专业护理实践的范围内满足患者的需求。
3. I often have to be creative to meet patients' needs within the boundaries of professional nursing practice. 我经常需要发挥创造力，在专业护理实践的范围内满足患者的需求。

Service Bounded Improvisation (Spontaneity) 服务受限即兴（自发性）

	Not at all 一点也不会(1)	Rarely (2)很罕见	Sometimes (3)有时	Often (4)经常	Frequently (5)频繁
4. I often determine the best course of action for patient care in the moment while staying within professional boundaries. 我经常在专业范围内，根据实际情况，确定最佳的患者护理方案。
4. I often determine the best course of action for patient care in the moment while staying within professional boundaries. 我经常在专业范围内，根据实际情况，确定最佳的患者护理方案。
5. I often respond immediately to unexpected patient care situations while maintaining patient safety standards. 我经常在确保患者安全的前提下，立即应对突发的患者护理情况。
5. I often respond immediately to unexpected patient care situations while maintaining patient safety standards. 我经常在确保患者安全的前提下，立即应对突发的患者护理情况。
6. I frequently handle unanticipated patient care events on the spot while adhering to nursing care standards. 我经常在遵守护理规范的前提下，现场处理突发的患者护理事件。
6. I frequently handle unanticipated patient care events on the spot while adhering to nursing care standards. 我经常在遵守护理规范的前提下，现场处理突发的患者护理事件。

Service Bounded Improvisation (Bricolage) 服务受限即兴（灵活应变）

	Not at all 一点也不会(1)	Rarely (2)很罕见	Sometimes (3)有时	Often (4)经常	Frequently (5)频繁
7. I am able to make use of available hospital resources to respond to patients' needs within hospital policies.我能够在医院政策范围内，利用医院的现有资源来满足患者的需求。
7. I am able to make use of available hospital resources to respond to patients' needs within hospital policies.我能够在医院政策范围内，利用医院的现有资源来满足患者的需求。
8. I often draw on information from multiple sources to respond to patients' needs based on evidence-based nursing practice. 8. 我经常参考多种信息来源，根据循证护理实践来满足患者的需求。
8. I often draw on information from multiple sources to respond to patients' needs based on evidence-based nursing practice. 8. 我经常参考多种信息来源，根据循证护理实践来满足患者的需求。
9. I often utilize the expertise of the multidisciplinary team to meet patients' needs within the established care team structure. 我经常利用跨专业团队的专业知识，在既定的护理团队构架内满足患者的需求
9. I often utilize the expertise of the multidisciplinary team to meet patients' needs within the established care team structure. 我经常利用跨专业团队的专业知识，在既定的护理团队构架内满足患者的需求

How strongly do you agree with the following statements? 您对以下陈述的同意程度如何？

Employee Ambidexterity (Exploration Behavior) 员工双元性（探索行为）

	Never从不(1)	Rarely很少(2)	Occa sionally偶尔(3)	Some times有时候(4)	Frequently 频繁(5)	Very frequently非常频繁(6)	Always总是(7)
1. Searching for new possibilities with respect to my work. 在工作中探寻新的可能性。
1. Searching for new possibilities with respect to my work. 在工作中探寻新的可能性。
2. Evaluating diverse options with respect to my work. 评估工作中各种不同的选项
2. Evaluating diverse options with respect to my work. 评估工作中各种不同的选项
3. Focusing on strong renewal of work processes or procedures. 专注于对工作流程或程序的重大革新。
3. Focusing on strong renewal of work processes or procedures. 专注于对工作流程或程序的重大革新。
4. Activities requiring me to be adaptable. 需要我具备适应性的活动。
4. Activities requiring me to be adaptable. 需要我具备适应性的活动。
5. Activities requiring me to learn new skills or knowledge. 需要我学习新技能或知识的活动
5. Activities requiring me to learn new skills or knowledge. 需要我学习新技能或知识的活动

Employee Ambidexterity (Exploitation Behavior) 员工双元性（探索行为）

	Never从不(1)	Rarely很少(2)	Occa sionally偶尔(3)	Some times有时候(4)	Frequently 频繁(5)	Very frequently非常频繁(6)	Always总是(7)
6. Activities in which I have accumulated a lot of experience.我已积累大量经验的活动。
6. Activities in which I have accumulated a lot of experience.我已积累大量经验的活动。
7. Activities that involve providing care to existing patients. 涉及为现有患者提供照护的活动。
7. Activities that involve providing care to existing patients. 涉及为现有患者提供照护的活动。
8. Activities which I clearly know how to conduct. 我清楚知道如何开展的活动。
8. Activities which I clearly know how to conduct. 我清楚知道如何开展的活动。
9. Activities primarily focused on achieving short-term goals. 主要侧重于实现短期目标的活动。
9. Activities primarily focused on achieving short-term goals. 主要侧重于实现短期目标的活动。
10. Activities I can properly conduct using my existing knowledge. 我可以利用现有知识妥善开展的活动。
10. Activities I can properly conduct using my existing knowledge. 我可以利用现有知识妥善开展的活动。
11. Activities which clearly fit into existing hospital policies. 明显符合现行医院政策的活动
11. Activities which clearly fit into existing hospital policies. 明显符合现行医院政策的活动

How often do the following situations occur in your work? 在你的工作中，以下情况发生的频率如何？

Emotional dissonance 情绪失调

	Never从不(1)	Rarely很少(2)	Occa sionally偶尔(3)	Some times有时候(4)	Frequently 频繁(5)	Very frequently非常频繁(6)	Always总是(7)
When caring for patients, I have to display emotions that do not correspond to my true feelings. 在照顾患者时，我需要表现出与真实感受不一致的情绪。
When caring for patients, I have to display emotions that do not correspond to my true feelings. 在照顾患者时，我需要表现出与真实感受不一致的情绪。
I have to show positive emotions toward patients even when I actually feel indifferent. . 即使感到冷漠，也必须表现出积极情绪。
I have to show positive emotions toward patients even when I actually feel indifferent. . 即使感到冷漠，也必须表现出积极情绪。
In my work, I have to force myself to show positive emotions to patients. . 我必须强迫自己表现出积极情绪。
In my work, I have to force myself to show positive emotions to patients. . 我必须强迫自己表现出积极情绪。
In my work, I have to suppress my negative emotions when interacting with patients. 在工作中我必须压抑负面情绪。
In my work, I have to suppress my negative emotions when interacting with patients. 在工作中我必须压抑负面情绪。
The emotions I display toward patients often do not match what I really feel. 5. 我在病患中表现的情绪常与真实感受不一致
The emotions I display toward patients often do not match what I really feel. 5. 我在病患中表现的情绪常与真实感受不一致

Section 2: Please place in the box with the answer that corresponds to your personal information. 第二部分:请在与您的个人信息相符的方框内打勾。

1.Gender性别

Male 男

Female 女

Prefer not to say不便透露

3. Highest level of education最高学历

Below bachelor’s degree 低于本科

Bachelor’s degree本科

Master’s degree硕士

Doctoral degree 博士

4. Length of time working in this hospital. 在本医院工作时间

5. Current employment status in this hospital 当前在这所医院的就业状态

Regular employee 正式员工

Temporary employee临时工

6.What hospital do you currently work at? 6. 您目前在哪家医院工作?

***thanks you for your valuable responses***感谢您宝贵的回答！

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