Patterns of Generative AI Use Among International Students in English-Medium Instruction Programs at

This anonymous survey investigates the perceptions and use of generative AI tools (such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, or similar) among international students enrolled in English-medium instruction (EMI) programs at universities in China. This survey takes about 10-15 minutes to complete. All responses are confidential and used for academic research purposes only. English-Medium Instruction (EMI) means university courses where English is the main language used for teaching and learning academic subjects.

Part C: GenAI Engagement Patterns — Section 3: GenAI Usage Patterns (Complementary, Substitutive, Hybrid). For the next questions: In your EMI classes or studies, how much do you agree? Response scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree.

23.

Complementary Use (GenAI supports your effort)

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I use GenAI tools to check my grammar, spelling, or vocabulary after I have written my own text.
I use GenAI tools to check my grammar, spelling, or vocabulary after I have written my own text.
I use GenAI tools to clarify concepts I do not fully understand from lectures or readings.
I use GenAI tools to clarify concepts I do not fully understand from lectures or readings.
I use GenAI tools to simplify complex topics so that I can understand them better.
I use GenAI tools to simplify complex topics so that I can understand them better.
Using GenAI tools helps me improve the quality of my assignments.
Using GenAI tools helps me improve the quality of my assignments.
I use GenAI tools to check facts or verify information while working independently.
I use GenAI tools to check facts or verify information while working independently.

24.

Substitutive Engagement

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I let GenAI tools produce answers that I submit with only minor changes.
I let GenAI tools produce answers that I submit with only minor changes.
I sometimes rely on GenAI tools instead of reading the required course materials.
I sometimes rely on GenAI tools instead of reading the required course materials.
I use GenAI tools to complete tasks I find too difficult to do on my own, and I submit the output with little or no changes of my own.
I use GenAI tools to complete tasks I find too difficult to do on my own, and I submit the output with little or no changes of my own.
For some assignments, I mostly copy and paste text generated by GenAI tools.
For some assignments, I mostly copy and paste text generated by GenAI tools.

25.

Hybrid Engagement with GenAI

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I often ask GenAI tools to write an initial draft and then rewrite or reorganise it in my own words.
I often ask GenAI tools to write an initial draft and then rewrite or reorganise it in my own words.
I mix my own writing with GenAI-generated text in the same assignment.
I mix my own writing with GenAI-generated text in the same assignment.
I use GenAI tools to generate examples or paragraphs that I adapt and integrate into my work.
I use GenAI tools to generate examples or paragraphs that I adapt and integrate into my work.
When I am unsure, I compare my own answer with a GenAI tool's answer and combine elements of both.
When I am unsure, I compare my own answer with a GenAI tool's answer and combine elements of both.
I alternate between writing some sections of an assignment myself and having GenAI write other sections, then combine and edit them into one piece.
I alternate between writing some sections of an assignment myself and having GenAI write other sections, then combine and edit them into one piece.
I use GenAI tools to generate initial ideas or outlines, and then I write the final text myself, incorporating and adapting the AI-generated content.
I use GenAI tools to generate initial ideas or outlines, and then I write the final text myself, incorporating and adapting the AI-generated content.

Report

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
I feel confident that I can succeed in courses taught in English.
I feel confident that I can succeed in courses taught in English.
I can follow lectures delivered in English well enough to learn the content.
I can follow lectures delivered in English well enough to learn the content.
I can pass exams in courses taught in English without relying too much on others.
I can pass exams in courses taught in English without relying too much on others.
Overall, I am satisfied with my performance in courses taught in English.
Overall, I am satisfied with my performance in courses taught in English.

	Strongly Disagree	Disagree	Neutral	Agree	Strongly Agree
GenAI tools (such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, or others) help me cope with the difficulty of studying through English.
GenAI tools (such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, or others) help me cope with the difficulty of studying through English.
GenAI tools make courses taught in English more manageable for me.
GenAI tools make courses taught in English more manageable for me.
Without GenAI tools, I would struggle more in courses taught in English.
Without GenAI tools, I would struggle more in courses taught in English.
GenAI tools help me manage everyday life and study tasks in China, even though I have little or no knowledge of Mandarin.
GenAI tools help me manage everyday life and study tasks in China, even though I have little or no knowledge of Mandarin.