Questionnaire on Graduate Students' Critical Evaluation of Online Information

1. 您的性别 / Gender:

A. 男 / Male

B. 女 / Female

2. 您的年级 / Year of Study:

A. 硕士一年级 / Master's Year 1

B. 硕士二年级 / Master's Year 2

C. 硕士三年级 / Master's Year 3

3. 您的学科门类 / Discipline:

A. 人文社科 / Humanities & Social Sciences

B. 理工科 / Science & Engineering

C. 医学/农学 / Medicine & Agriculture

D. 其他 / Other

4. 您每天大约花费多少时间浏览社交媒体或新闻网站? / How much time do you spend daily browsing social media or news websites?

A. 少于1小时 / Less than 1 hour

B. 1-3小时 / 1-3 hours

C. 3-5小时 / 3-5 hours

D. 5小时以上 / More than 5 hours

5. 当您看到一条令人震惊的新闻时，您通常会怎么做? / When you see shocking news, what do you usually do first?

A. 立即转发给朋友 / Forward it to friends immediately

B. 先看评论区是否有人质疑 / Check the comments to see if anyone doubts it

C. 搜索其他来源进行交叉验证 / Search other sources for cross-verification

D. 不理会，直接划走 / Ignore and scroll past

6. 您在评估一条在线信息是否可信时，最常关注以下哪个方面? / When evaluating the credibility of online information, which aspect do you focus on most?

A. 发布者的权威性（如官方媒体、专家） / Authority of the source (e.g., official media, experts)

B. 文章的阅读量和点赞数 / Views and likes

C. 是否有具体的数据和引用来源 / Whether it has specific data and citations

D. 是否符合我原有的认知 / Whether it matches my existing beliefs

7. 您是否了解“信息茧房”（Information Cocoon）或“回音壁效应”（Echo Chamber）? / Are you familiar with the concepts of "Information Cocoon" or "Echo Chamber"?

A. 非常了解 / Very familiar

B. 听说过，但不太清楚 / Heard of it, but not clear

C. 完全不了解 / Not familiar at all

8. 假设您在微信群看到一条消息:“某知名大学研究证明，每天喝某品牌奶茶可以预防脱发。” 您的第一反应是? / Suppose you see a message in a WeChat group: "A famous university study proves that drinking a certain brand of milk tea daily can prevent hair loss." What is your first reaction?

A. 立刻转发给脱发的朋友 / Forward it to friends with hair loss immediately

B. 觉得可能是广告营销，保持怀疑 / Think it might be advertising, remain skeptical

C. 搜索该大学的官方研究论文 / Search for the official research paper from that university

D. 无所谓，真假与我无关 / Doesn't matter, true or false is irrelevant to me

9. 您认为“虚假新闻”（Fake News）和“误导性信息”（Misinformation）的主要区别是什么? / What do you think is the main difference between "Fake News" and "Misinformation"?

A. 虚假新闻是完全捏造的，误导性信息可能是片面的 / Fake news is completely fabricated, while misinformation may be partial

B. 两者没有区别 / There is no difference between them

C. 虚假新闻是官方的，误导性信息是民间的 / Fake news is official, misinformation is civilian

D. 不清楚 / Not sure

10. 当您在知网或Google Scholar上查找文献时，您是否会核实期刊的同行评审（Peer Review）状态? / When searching for literature on CNKI or Google Scholar, do you verify the peer-review status of the journal?

A. 每次都会核实 / Always verify

B. 偶尔会核实 / Occasionally verify

C. 很少核实，能下载就行 / Rarely verify, as long as I can download it

D. 不知道什么是同行评审 / Don't know what peer review is

11. 在转发一条未经证实的信息前，您是否会考虑其可能带来的社会影响? / Before forwarding unverified information, do you consider its potential social impact?

A. 总是会考虑 / Always consider

B. 有时会考虑 / Sometimes consider

C. 很少考虑，随手一转 / Rarely consider, just forward casually

D. 从不考虑 / Never consider

12. 您是否曾因为轻信在线信息而导致过实际损失（如健康、财务、学业）? / Have you ever suffered actual losses (e.g., health, financial, academic) due to believing online information?

A. 有过，且损失较大 / Yes, with significant losses

B. 有过，但损失较小 / Yes, with minor losses

C. 没有，但我见过别人因此受损 / No, but I've seen others suffer

D. 完全没有 / Not at all

13. 您认为算法推荐系统（如抖音、小红书、今日头条的推送机制）是否会限制您获取多元信息的能力? / Do you think algorithm-driven recommendation systems (e.g., Douyin, Xiaohongshu, Toutiao) limit your ability to access diverse information?

A. 严重限制，常常感觉陷入“信息茧房” / Severely limited, I often feel trapped in an "information cocoon"

B. 有一定限制，但我会有意识地主动搜索多元信息 / Somewhat limited, but I consciously search for diverse information

C. 没有限制，算法很懂我，为我节省了时间 / No limits, the algorithm understands me and saves time

D. 说不清 / Not sure

14. 当您怀疑某条网络信息的真实性时，通常会采取哪些行动进行核实?（可多选） / When you doubt the authenticity of online information, what actions do you usually take to verify it? (Multiple choices)【多选题】

A. 使用不同搜索引擎交叉搜索 / Use different search engines for cross-verification

B. 查阅官方辟谣平台（如腾讯较真、微博辟谣） / Check official rumor-refuting platforms (e.g., Tencent Jiaozhen, Weibo Rumor Refutation)

C. 询问相关领域的专家或同学 / Ask experts or peers in relevant fields

D. 查阅学术数据库（如知网、Web of Science） / Search academic databases (e.g., CNKI, Web of Science)

E. 通常不核实，觉得太麻烦 / Usually don't verify, find it too troublesome

15. 您认为当前研究生群体批判性评估在线信息时遇到最大的困难是什么? / Which aspect of digital literacy do you think graduate students most need to improve?

问卷到此结束。衷心感谢您的参与！
This is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you very much for your participation!