Factors Influencing Users’ Trust and Emotional Connections to AI Robots
用户对于人工智能机器人信任及情感连接的影响因素研究

This project is a subtopic of the research: Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Mental Health Education. It aims to explore the factors influencing users' trust and emotional connection with AI robots. Understanding these factors will aid in designing AI robots suitable for application in mental health education, creating effective and ethical AI systems. AI refers to systems capable of simulating or performing tasks that usually require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding language, and image recognition. The goal of AI is to enable machines to autonomously or nearly replicate human-like thinking to accomplish complex tasks through algorithms and data training. AI robots are intelligent machines that integrate AI technology and robotic hardware. Equipped with embedded AI algorithms, these robots can perceive their environment, analyze data, make decisions, and perform specific physical tasks. Examples include voice assistant robots, autonomous vehicles, robotic arms and so on，including virtual and physical.


本项目是人工智能在心理健康教育的应用研究中的一个子课题，旨在探索有哪些因素会影响用户对人工智能机器人的信任和情感连接。了解清楚了这些因素，将帮助我们更好地设计适合于应用在心理健康教育中的人工智能机器人，创造出有效的、伦理的人工智能系统。人工智能技术是指能够模拟或执行通常需要人类智能完成的任务的系统，例如学习、推理、解决问题、理解语言和图像识别等。人工智能的目标是通过算法和数据训练使机器能够自主或以接近人类思维的方式完成复杂任务。人工智能机器人是结合人工智能技术和机器人硬件的一种智能机器。这些机器人通过嵌入的人工智能算法，能够感知环境、分析数据、作出决策，并执行特定的物理任务。例如，语音助手机器人、自动驾驶汽车或机械臂等都属于人工智能机器人的范畴，包括虚拟的和实体的。


This research has been approved by XJTLU (Ethical Approval No.: ER-LRR-11000038020221128155620).We would like to invite you to complete this survey. Participation is voluntary. All the data collected from this survey will be kept confidential and will not be shared with any third party without participants' written consent.


本研究已获得西交利物浦大学伦理审查批准（伦理批准序号：ER-LRR-11000038020221128155620）。我们诚挚邀请您参与此次问卷调查。被邀请为问卷参与者，您可以自愿选择填写问卷。所有从本研究收集的数据都将严格保密。未经参与者书面同意，数据不会与任何第三方共享。


Should you have any question, please feel free to contact Yue Xi at yuexi223@liverpool.ac.uk. 


如有任何问题，请联系项目负责人Yue Xi，邮箱: yuexi223@liverpool.ac.uk

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The survey would take approximately 5-10 minutes.

该问卷调查大概需要5-10分钟。

Choose Yes or No to the following question before starting the survey.

在开始调查前，请您选择“是”或“否”来回答以下问题。

1. I confirm that I have read and have understood the information for this research.

本人确认已有机会阅读并了解本次研究的相关资料。

2. I have had the opportunity to consider the information, ask questions and have had these answered satisfactorily.

我已被给予审核问卷相关信息、提出问题、并获得满意回答的机会。

3. I understand that my participation is voluntary. 

我明白我的参与是自愿的。

4. I understand that I can any time ask for access to the information I provide.

我明白我可以在任何时候要求查阅我提供的信息。

5. I agree to take part in the above research.

我自愿参与上述研究活动。

6. I have read and agree to those items above.

我已阅读并同意上述条款。

7. I agree to sign on this consent.

我同意在这份同意书上签字。

Yes, I agree with all seven items. 是的，我同意上述七个选项。
No, I don't agree with all seven items. 不，我不同意上述七个选项。
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您的性别 What is your gender? 
男 Male
女 Female
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您的年龄段 What is your age? 
18岁以下 Under 18
18-25
26-35
36-45
46岁以上 46 and above
*
您的教育水平是 What is your education level?
高中及以下 High school or below
本科 Bachelor
硕士 Master
博士或以上 Doctorate and above
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您的职业是 What is your occupation? 
学生 Student
老师 Schoolteacher
心理咨询师 Mental Health Consultant
编程师 Programming Personnel
企业员工 Corporate employee
自由职业者 Freelancer
其他 Others
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您是否使用过人工智能机器人（如Siri，Alexa，Moxie，小艺，小爱，小冰）
Have you used AI robots (e.g., Siri, Alexa，Moxie，Xiaoyi，Xiaoai，XiaoIce）？
是 Yes
否 No
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如果有使用，您使用人工智能机器人的频率如何
If yes, how often do you use AI robots? 
每天 Daily
每周 Weekly
每月 Monthly
几乎不用 Rarely
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您使用人工智能机器人主要是为了什么目的
What is your main purpose for using AI robots? 
获取信息 Information retrieval
日程管理 Schedule management
休闲娱乐 Entertainment
工作辅助 Job aid
其他 Other
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您觉得人工智能机器人在完成任务时的准确性如何？（非常不准确 - 非常准确，1-10评级）
How accurate do you think AI robots are in completing tasks? (Very inaccurate - Very accurate, scale 1-10)
1
10
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您对人工智能的整体信任度如何？（非常不信任 - 非常信任，1-10 评级）
How would you rate your overall trust in AI? (Very distrustful - Very trustful, scale 1-10）
1
10
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您认为人工智能机器人的透明性如何（例如是否解释其决策过程）？（非常不透明 - 非常透明，1-10 评级）
How transparent do you think AI robots are (e.g., explaining their decision-making processes)? (Very opaque - Very transparent, scale 1-10)
1
10
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您是否信任人工智能机器人保存和保护您的个人隐私数据？（非常不信任 - 非常信任，1-10评级）
Do you trust AI robots to store and protect your personal data? (Very distrustful - Very trustful, scale 1-10）
1
10
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您认为人工智能机器人应该具备情感表达能力吗？（强烈反对 - 强烈赞成，1-10 评级）
Do you believe AI robots should have the ability to express emotions? (Strongly disagree - Strongly agree, scale 1-10）
1
10
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在使用人工智能机器人时，您是否曾感到被理解或安慰？（从未 - 经常，1-10评级）
Have you ever felt understood or comforted while using AI robot? (Never - Often, scale 1-10）
1
10
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您觉得人工智能机器人情感表达的真实性如何？（非常不真实 - 非常真实，1-10评级）
How genuine do you find the emotional expression of AI robots? (Very inauthentic - Very authentic, scale 1-10）
1
10
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您的家庭或朋友是否支持您使用人工智能机器人？（从不 - 完全支持，1-10评级）
Do your family or friends support your use of AI robots? (Never - Fully supportive, scale 1-10)
1
10
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您是否担心人工智能机器人取代人类工作或交流？（非常担心 - 毫不担心，1-10评级）
Are you concerned that AI robots might replace human jobs or communication? (Very concerned - Not concerned at all, scale 1-10）
1
10
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您认为向公众推广人工智能机器人的伦理风险大吗？（完全没有 - 非常高，1-10 评级）
How high do you think the ethical risks are in promoting AI robots to the publics? (No risk - Very high, scale 1-10)
1
10
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如果人工智能机器人的语音更贴近真实人类语音，您会更喜欢使用它吗？
Would you prefer using AI robot if its voice was closer to a real human voice? 
是 Yes
否 No
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遇到问题时，人工智能机器人的响应速度是否会影响您的信任？
Does the response speed of a AI robot influence your trust in it? 
是 Yes
否 No
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如果人工智能机器人表现出人类情感（如同情或理解），这会增加您的信任吗？
If an AI robot exhibits human emotions (e.g., empathy or understanding), would this increase your trust? 
是 Yes
否 No
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如果人工智能机器人能够为您解释生成答案的逻辑，您会更信任它吗？
Would you trust AI robot more if it explained the logic behind its answers? 
是 Yes
否 No
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您更倾向于信任完全自动化的AI机器人还是有人类监控的AI机器人？
Do you prefer trusting fully automated AI robots or AI robots with human supervision? 
完全自动化 Fully automated
有人类监控的 With human supervision
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如果人工智能机器人能够识别您的情绪（如察觉您在愤怒或悲伤），是否会增强您的使用体验？
Would your experience improve if AI robot could recognize your emotions (e.g., detect anger or sadness)? 
是 Yes
否 No
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如果人工智能机器人为您提供情感以及心理支持或建议，您会接受吗？
Would you accept emotional and psychological support or advice provided by AI robot？
是 Yes
否 No
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人工智能机器人在提供情感支持时最重要的功能应该是什么？
What do you think is the most important function of an AI robot when providing emotional support?

【最少选择1项】
倾听 Listening
解释心理问题 Interpreting psychological issues
给出解决建议 Providing solutions
其他 Others
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您觉得人工智能机器人与用户的关系可以被描述为何种关系？
How would you describe the relationship between AI robot and its user? 
工具 Tool
伙伴 Companion
导师 Mentor
其他 Others
谢谢您的参与！Thank you for your time！
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