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Dear Participant,

Welcome to this questionnaire on "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Chinese Language Learning." Please respond according to your actual situation.

The questionnaire will take approximately 4 minutes to complete. All data collected will be used solely for academic research purposes, processed anonymously, and your personal information will be kept strictly confidential.

Thank you for your participation and support! If you have any questions, please contact: 2410029337@qq.com.

开始作答

（原）汉语学习者跨文化适应与自我效能感的相关性调查

提示：1=非常不同意 2=不同意 3=一般 4=同意 5=非常同意

非常不同意	不同意	一般	同意	非常同意
1.日常生活中使用汉语时，我能让我自己被理解。 I can make myself understood when using Chinese in daily life.
1 2 3 4 5
2.我使用的校园设施中，中国学生和国际学生往往是分开的。 In the campus facilities I use, Chinese students and international students are often separated.
1 2 3 4 5
3.我学习汉语的主要目的是获得文凭，以便找到更好的工作。 My main purpose for learning Chinese is to obtain a diploma in order to find a better job.
1 2 3 4 5
4.我感到中国在人工智能、电子商务等科技领域与我国不分高下。 I feel that China is on par with my country in technological fields such as artificial intelligence and e-commerce.
1 2 3 4 5
5.我国国民的平均收入与中国相似。 The average income of people in my country is similar to that in China.
1 2 3 4 5
6.我能分清中国人的真实情感和客套的区别。 I can distinguish between the genuine emotions and the politeness/formalities of Chinese people.
1 2 3 4 5
7.我计划或考虑过在中国工作。 I have plans or have considered working in China.
1 2 3 4 5
8.我在遇到困难时更倾向于向本国朋友求助，而非中国同学。 When encountering difficulties, I tend to seek help from friends from my own country rather than from Chinese classmates.
1 2 3 4 5
9.我学习汉语是因为对中国影视、音乐或网络文化真正感兴趣。 I learn Chinese because I am genuinely interested in Chinese films, TV, music, or internet culture.
1 2 3 4 5
10.我国国民的知识水平与中国相似。 The educational/knowledge level of people in my country is similar to that in China.
1 2 3 4 5
11.我难以克服思乡的情绪，有时甚至影响到我的生活和学习状态。 I find it hard to overcome feelings of homesickness, which sometimes even affects my life and studies.
1 2 3 4 5
12.我认为中国社会对我国文化的接纳程度在近年来有所提高。 I think Chinese society's acceptance of my country's culture has improved in recent years.
1 2 3 4 5
13.我希望可以成为我国和中国文化交流的桥梁。 I hope to become a bridge for cultural exchange between my country and China.
1 2 3 4 5
14.我国国民的说话表达方式跟中国人相似。 The way people in my country speak and express themselves is similar to Chinese people.
1 2 3 4 5
15.我愿意在社交平台上用汉语分享自己的生活，哪怕表达不够完美。 I am willing to share my life on social media in Chinese, even if my expression is not perfect.
1 2 3 4 5
16.听到中国人用很快的语速交谈时，我会感到紧张和回避。 When I hear Chinese people talking very fast, I feel nervous and avoid it.
1 2 3 4 5
17.我能接受在一些场合中按照中国人的方式行事，即使这与我的习惯不同。 I can accept behaving in the Chinese way on some occasions, even if it differs from my habits.
1 2 3 4 5
18.日常交往中，我主要使用汉语与他人交流。 In daily interactions, I mainly use Chinese to communicate with others.
1 2 3 4 5
19.与中国同学交流让我感到轻松和快乐。 Communicating with Chinese classmates makes me feel relaxed and happy.
1 2 3 4 5
20.我的同国朋友比中国朋友多。 I have more friends from my own country than Chinese friends.
1 2 3 4 5
21.我学习汉语是家人的要求，我自己其实并不是非常感兴趣。 I learn Chinese because my family requires it; I'm not very interested in it myself.
1 2 3 4 5
22.我希望将来能像一个中国人一样在中国社会自如地生活和工作。 I hope to live and work freely in Chinese society like a Chinese person in the future.
1 2 3 4 5
23.我国国民在中国生活、工作中被很好地接受。 People from my country are well accepted in living and working in China.
1 2 3 4 5
24.我认为中国的高铁、快递等基础设施的完善程度和我国基本一致。 I believe the completeness of China's infrastructure, such as high-speed rail and express delivery, is basically the same as in my country.
1 2 3 4 5
25.我更喜欢保持自己的饮食习惯和节日传统。 I prefer to maintain my own dietary habits and festival traditions.
1 2 3 4 5
26.若是可行，我将有可能跟中国人恋爱或结婚。 If feasible, it would be possible for me to date or marry a Chinese person.
1 2 3 4 5
27.我更愿意和非汉语母语者共同学习。 I prefer to study together with non-native Chinese speakers.
1 2 3 4 5
28.我愿意学习并使用中国的流行语。 I am willing to learn and use Chinese internet slang/popular phrases.
1 2 3 4 5
29.我愿意主动了解并尝试理解中国人对一些敏感话题的看法。 I am willing to proactively understand and try to comprehend Chinese people's views on some sensitive topics.
1 2 3 4 5
30.我有时能感到中国人对我有一些刻板印象和偏见。 I sometimes feel that Chinese people have some stereotypes and prejudices about me.
1 2 3 4 5
31.若是可行，我希望能在中国学习更长时间。 If feasible, I would like to study in China for a longer time.
1 2 3 4 5
32.我担忧普通话发音不标准会引起他人嘲笑。 I worry that non-standard Mandarin pronunciation will invite ridicule from others.
1 2 3 4 5
33.我很乐意参加中国大学生的活动。 I am very happy to participate in activities organized by Chinese university students.
1 2 3 4 5
34.我国国民消遣娱乐的方式跟中国人相似。 The ways people in my country spend their leisure time are similar to Chinese people.
1 2 3 4 5
35.我感觉自己的母语和汉语有相似之处。 I feel there are similarities between my native language and Chinese.
1 2 3 4 5
36.跟中国人交往，我觉得称赞对方的话很难处理得恰当。 When interacting with Chinese people, I find it difficult to handle words of praise appropriately.
1 2 3 4 5
37.我会主动学习并遵守中国的社交礼仪。 I will proactively learn and follow Chinese social etiquette.
1 2 3 4 5
38.我参加的活动常有中国人。 The activities I participate in often have Chinese people.
1 2 3 4 5
39.我把在中国学习看作一段短暂经历，不打算长期融入。 I see studying in China as a short-term experience and do not intend to integrate long-term.
1 2 3 4 5
40.若是可行，我打算在中国购置房产。 If feasible, I plan to purchase property in China.
1 2 3 4 5
41.我国国民的社区人际关系跟中国人的相似。 The interpersonal relationships within communities in my country are similar to those in China.
1 2 3 4 5
42.我对中国社会中某些现象、行为习惯感到难以理解和接受。 I find it difficult to understand and accept certain phenomena and behavioral habits in Chinese society.
1 2 3 4 5
43.在课堂或比赛中，中国学生和国际学生之间存在明显的合作壁垒。 In classes or competitions, there is a clear cooperation barrier between Chinese students and international students.
1 2 3 4 5
44.我会主动避免参加只有中国学生的社交活动。 I proactively avoid participating in social activities that only have Chinese students.
1 2 3 4 5

提示：1=非常不同意 2=不同意 3=一般 4=同意 5=非常同意

非常不同意	不同意	一般	同意	非常同意
1.我相信自己有能力在汉语课程上取得好成绩。 I believe I have the ability to achieve good grades in Chinese language courses.
1 2 3 4 5
2.我认为自己有能力解决汉语学习中遇到的问题。 I think I have the ability to solve problems encountered in Chinese language learning.
1 2 3 4 5
3.与班上其他国际学生相比，我的汉语学习能力比较强。 Compared to other international students in the class, my Chinese learning ability is relatively strong.
1 2 3 4 5
4.我能够在汉语课堂上及时掌握老师所讲授的新知识。 I am able to grasp the new knowledge taught by the teacher promptly in Chinese class.
1 2 3 4 5
5.我认为我能够将学到的汉语知识运用到实际生活中。 I believe I can apply the Chinese language knowledge I've learned to real-life situations.
1 2 3 4 5
6.相比其他留学生，我的中国文化知识更广，有助于理解语言。 Compared to other international students, my knowledge of Chinese culture is broader, which helps in understanding the language.
1 2 3 4 5
7.我喜欢选择富有挑战性的汉语学习任务。 I like to choose challenging Chinese learning tasks.
1 2 3 4 5
8.我能很好理解汉语教材、文章和老师的汉语授课。 I can understand Chinese textbooks, articles, and the teacher's Chinese instruction well.
1 2 3 4 5
9.即使任务更难，我也常常选择能学到新知识的汉语练习。 Even if the task is more difficult, I often choose Chinese exercises that allow me to learn new knowledge.
1 2 3 4 5
10.即使汉语考试成绩不理想，我也能冷静分析错误原因。 Even if my Chinese exam results are not ideal, I can calmly analyze the reasons for my mistakes.
1 2 3 4 5
11.无论进步快慢，我从不怀疑自己最终能掌握汉语。 Regardless of the speed of progress, I never doubt that I will eventually master Chinese.
1 2 3 4 5
12.学习汉语时，我喜欢自问自答以检验自己的掌握情况。 When learning Chinese, I like to ask and answer questions myself to check my understanding.
1 2 3 4 5
13.用汉语思考或表达时，我能串联不同阶段学过的知识。 When thinking or expressing myself in Chinese, I can connect knowledge learned at different stages.
1 2 3 4 5
14.我常发现自己读完汉语材料，却不明白它的意思。 I often find that after reading Chinese materials, I do not understand their meaning.
1 2 3 4 5
15.阅读汉语时，我能将内容与已有知识或经历联系起来。 When reading Chinese, I can relate the content to my existing knowledge or experiences.
1 2 3 4 5
16.上汉语课时，我常因走神而无法认真听讲。 During Chinese class, I am often unable to listen attentively due to distraction.
1 2 3 4 5
17.我常常难以用汉语准确概括听力或文章的核心意思。 I often have difficulty accurately summarizing the main idea of listening materials or articles in Chinese.
1 2 3 4 5
18.我总用画线、做标注等方式来标记学习重点。 I always use methods like underlining and annotating to mark learning key points.
1 2 3 4 5
19.当我为准备汉语考试或报告时，我能系统地融汇贯通所学知识。 When preparing for a Chinese exam or report, I can systematically integrate and master the knowledge I've learned.
1 2 3 4 5
20.我听课总试图记下每句话，而不善于抓关键词记录。 When listening to lectures, I always try to note down every sentence, and I am not good at capturing and recording keywords.
1 2 3 4 5
21.做汉语作业时，我会力求回忆老师强调的重点。 When doing Chinese homework, I strive to recall the key points emphasized by the teacher.
1 2 3 4 5
22.即使老师没有要求，我也会主动用多种方式检验学习效果。 Even if the teacher does not require it, I proactively use various methods to test my learning outcomes.
1 2 3 4 5