大语言模型对东北方言词汇的翻译能力调查

郭全海二十四岁，比白玉山小四岁，样子却比胖胖的白玉山显得老一些。自从他当选了农会副主任以后，小王搬回学校里。小王临走时告他：“还得多多联络人。”他又找到了杨福元，人们都叫他杨老疙疸[1]。这个人在韩老六家里干过半年打头的[2]。现在是在做小买卖，倒腾破烂。他的年纪不算大，可是有两个大毛病，胆小怕事，好占便宜。

注：

[1]老疙疸：兄弟姐妹里排行最小的。

[2]打头的：给地主扛长活的长工里的工头。

（二）

北门外，太阳从西边斜照在黄泥河子水面上，水波映出晃眼的光芒。河的两边，长着确青[1]的蒲草。菱角花开了。燕子从水面掠过。长脖老等[2]从河沿飞起，向高空翔去，转一个圈又转回来，停在河沿。河的北面是宽广的田野。一穗二穗早熟的苞米[3]冒出红缨了。向日葵黄灿灿的大花盘转向西方。河的这面，是荒草甸子[4]。在野蒿的密丛里，有一个小小的长满青草的坟堆，这是老田头的姑娘裙子的坟茔。三个人坐在浅浅的野稗上，老田头又说起他裙子的故事。韩老六把她绑在黄烟架子[5]上，剥了衣裳，打的皮开肉裂，要她供认她许配的新姑爷是通抗日联军的。她死也不说。

[1]确青：深青色。确：常放在“黑、青、紫”等颜色的前面，表示颜色加深。

[2]长脖老等：苍鹭，鹭的一种，脖长腿长。

[3]苞米：玉米。

[4]草甸子：长满野草的低湿地。

[5]黄烟架子：烟叶成熟后用于晾晒的架子。黄烟，也称晒烟、关东烟。

        The setting sun was casting its rays aslant on the river, making the ripples sparkle. On both sides of the river grew green reeds. Water chestnuts had flowered. Swallows were skimming over the water. Water wagtails flew up from the river banks to soar in the sky, finally alighting on the river banks again. North of the river stretched a large expanse of fields where ripe maize showed waving reddish tassels. Huge golden sunflowers had all grown facing the east. The south side of the river was overgrown with weeds. A small mound here, overgrown with grass, was Old Tien’s daughter’s grave. They sat down among the weeds, and Old Tien went on with the story of his daughter. Han, he said, had tied her to a tobacco rack, yanked off her clothes, and whipped her until her skin was in shreds. Han had tried to make her confess that the man to whom she was engaged was in league with the Anti-Japanese Amalgamated Armies. She never let out a word.

Outside the North Gate, the sun, slanting from the west, shone upon the waters of the Yellow Mud River, where the rippling surface reflected a blinding, shimmering light. On both banks of the river grew jade-green cattails. The water-caltrop flowers were in bloom. Swallows skimmed across the surface of the water. The Stilt-Necked Waiter soared up from the riverbank, climbing high into the sky, circled once, then turned back, to perch again by the shore. To the north of the river lay the vast, open fields. Here and there, the earliest maturing ears of corn had thrust out their crimson tassels. The magnificent, brilliant yellow discs of the sunflowers had all turned their faces towards the west. On this side of the river was a meadow of wild grass. Deep within a thicket of wild mugwort lay a small, green-grass-covered mound: this was the grave of Laotian Tou’s daughter, Qunzi. The three of them sat on the low, wild barnyard grass, and Laotian Tou began to recount the story of his Qunzi once more. Han Laoliu had trussed her up on the yellow tobacco rack, stripped off her clothes, and beaten her until her flesh was rent and peeled, demanding that she confess her betrothed husband was in league with the Anti-Japanese Allied Army. She held her silence to the death.

Outside the north gate, the sun slanted westward, casting its rays across the yellow-mud river. The rippling water shimmered with a dazzling brilliance. On both banks grew tufts of dark-green bulrushes, and the water caltrop flowers were in bloom. Swallows skimmed low over the surface of the river. Long-necked herons rose from the bank, circling high into the sky, then wheeling back to perch once more along the water’s edge. To the north of the river stretched a wide expanse of fields. Here and there, a few early ears of corn had already thrust out their red tassels. The sunflowers turned their golden disks westward, following the sinking sun. On this side of the river lay a stretch of wild meadow. Amid the thick growth of wormwood stood a small mound overgrown with grass—the grave of Old Tian’s daughter, Qunzi. Three men sat upon the sparse wild millet. Once again, Old Tian began to speak of his Qunzi’s fate. Han the Sixth had bound her to the tobacco-drying rack, stripped off her clothes, and lashed her until her flesh was torn and bleeding—forcing her to confess that the young man she had pledged herself to was connected with the Anti-Japanese United Army. But even facing death, she would not speak.

（三）

“你想睡，不下雨也行，你是当家的，谁能管你？”有人说。老白翘一翘下巴，指指他的屋里的[1]。因为自己有个偷懒爱睡的小毛病，白玉山有点害怕他媳妇。因为他媳妇又勤俭，又能干，炕上剪子，地下镰刀，都是利落手[2]。铲地收秋，差不离[3]的男子照她还差呢。就因为这样，就因为自己有缺点，又找不出娘们[4]的岔子，第一回干仗[5]，他干输了。第二回，第三回，往后好多回，白玉山心怯，总干不过她，久后成了习惯了。有一天，大伙闲唠嗑[6]，一个狗蹦子[7]说道：

“我说，咱们谁怕娘们呐？”

另一个人说：

“别不吱声[8]装好人，谁怕谁应声。”

白玉山蹲在炕梢，正用废报纸卷烟卷，一声不吱。

注：

[1]屋里的：妻子。

[2]利落手：指干活麻利、敏捷、干得好的人。

[3]差不离：差不多。

[4]娘们：①称成年妇女。 ②妻子。

[5]干仗：打架，吵架。

[6]唠嗑：说话、聊天。

[7]狗蹦子：狗身上的跳蚤，比喻上蹿下跳的捣蛋鬼。

[8]吱声：出声，说话。

译文1：

“If you like, you can sleep, rain or shine. Who can control you? ‘You’re your own master,” somebody once said. Hearing this, Pai jerked his chin towards the inner room where his wife was. He was a little afraid of his wife because he was lazy and drowsy, while she was able and industrious, a good hand at the scissors while sitting on the kang, and a better hand at the sickle while working in the field. In mowing and harvesting she yielded to no man in strength and skill. Because of her ability to get things done and his own inability to pick bones with her, Pai was defeated in the first battle he fought with her. Whenever he tried to recover his prestige, he licked the dust. After several reverses, he dared not try again. He was overpowered.

One day, when Pai and a few friends were chatting together,

a mischievous tongue asked:

“Is there anyone here who is afraid of his wife?”

“Own up. The one who is had better be honest and own up,” another urged.

Squatting on the end of the kang, Pai was silent and began rolling a cigarette.

译文2：

“If you want to sleep, then sleep. Rain or no rain—you're the master here, who’s to stop you?” someone said. Old Bai tilted up his chin and jerked a thumb toward his house. Because of his lazy streak—his fondness for dozing whenever he could—Bai Yushan had always been a little afraid of his wife. She was thrifty, hardworking, sharp in every sense. On the kang, she handled the scissors like a sparrow pecking grain; on the ground, she swung the sickle faster than most men. Come digging or harvest time, there weren’t many fellows who could keep up with her. And because of that—because he knew his own shortcomings, and because he could never find a real fault in her—the first time they quarreled, he lost. The second time, the third time, and all the many times after, Bai Yushan’s heart faltered before hers; he could never best her. In the end, he got used to it. One day, while the villagers were lounging about, shooting the breeze, a fellow nicknamed Dog Bump blurted out,

“I say, which of us is afraid of his wife?”

Another one chimed in,

“Don’t go pretending to be saints now. Whoever’s afraid—say it out loud!”

Bai Yushan was squatting at the corner of the kang, rolling a cigarette out of old newspaper, and said not a word.

译文3：

“If you want to sleep, you don't even need the rain, you're the master of the house, who's going to stop you?” someone said.

Old Bai jutted his chin out, gesturing toward his own room. Bai Yushan was a little afraid of his wife because of his own minor flaw of being fond of idleness and sleep. This was because his wife was both thrifty and capable, a dab hand at everything—scissors on the kang and sickle in the field. When it came to weeding or the autumn harvest, she could outdo most men. It was precisely because of this, and because he had his own shortcomings and couldn't find fault with his woman, that he had lost the first fight. The second time, the third time, and many times after, Bai Yushan felt a dread in his heart and never managed to win against her. In time, it became a habit.

One day, as the group was casually chatting, one of the rascals, a 'Dog-Jumper' piped up:

“Tell me, which one of us is scared of his old woman?”

Another man followed up:

“Don't play mute and pretend you're a good fellow—if you're scared, speak up.”

Bai Yushan was squatting on the edge of the kang, rolling a cigarette with scrap newspaper, and didn't utter a sound.

（四）

八月末尾，铲趟[1]才完，正是东北农村挂锄[2]的时候。三天两头下着雨。农民在屋里院外，干些零活，整些副业：抹墙扒炕[3]，采山丁子[4]，割靰鞡草[5]，修苞米楼子[6]，准备秋收。农民不太忙，正好组织斗争。但因时局不稳定，坏根[7]散布了一些谣言，人心又有一些摇晃，连唠嗑会[8]也不能经常开了。

注：

[1]铲趟：用马拉犁压死垄沟里的杂草，叫做趟地。

[2]挂锄：铲地完毕，锄头挂起来不用了。

[3]扒炕：把火炕的表面扒开，将炕洞里积累的炉灰掏干净，使冬天更方便烧火炕，温度更高。

[4]山丁子：一种野果，个头很小，味道酸甜。

[5]靰鞡（wù la）草：草本植物，茎和叶晒干后，垫在鞋或靴子里，可以保暖，也作“乌拉草”。

[6]苞米楼子：架在半空存放玉米等的简易粮仓。

[7]坏根：坏蛋、坏人。

[8]唠嗑会：书里的唠嗑会指农会积极分子领导的小会，三五个农民聚在一起通过聊天酝酿对地主的斗争。

译文1：

The tail end of August, with the ridge-tilling newly finished, marked the time of "hanging up the hoe" in the Northeast countryside. It rained every two or three days. The farmers busied themselves with sundry tasks both inside and outside their homes, tending to minor side-occupations: plastering walls, repairing brick beds (kangs), gathering wild hawthorns (shandíngzi), cutting wūlā grass, and mending the maize drying-cribs (bāomǐ lóuzi), all in preparation for the autumn harvest. The peasants were not overly busy, making it an opportune moment to organize and instigate struggle sessions. Yet, owing to the unstable political climate, the 'bad elements' had disseminated various rumors, causing a fresh wave of unrest, with people's minds wavering once more. Even the regular 'chat gatherings' could no longer be held frequently.

译文2：

At the close of August, the last round of weeding was done—it was the season when hoes were hung up across the villages of the Northeast. Rain fell every few days. The peasants stayed indoors or about their courtyards, tending to small chores and side jobs: plastering walls, patching up the kang beds, gathering wild crabapples from the hills, cutting grass for shoe soles, mending the corncribs, making ready for the autumn harvest. Life was not too busy; it was just the right time to organize the struggle. But the times were unsettled. The evil roots had begun to spread rumors, shaking people’s hearts. Even the chitchat meetings could no longer be held as often as before.

译文3：

By the end of August the last mowing was over and the peasants hung up their hoes. The rainy season had set in. Most people stayed indoors doing odd jobs—replastering walls, chopping straw, mending grain crates in preparation for the harvest. They could have given part of their spare time to organize the struggle against Han, but they slackened their efforts and even ceased to meet and chat regularly. The uncertain political situation and the rumour-mongering of the reactionary elements seemed to have affected their attitude.

（五）