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1. After the last Roman emperor was overthrown by the German mercenary troops, the European civilization moved into （）.
A. the modern era
B. the Middle Ages
C. the new period
D. the Renaissance
2. The barbarous tribes included Celts, Germans and （）.
A. French
B. Italians
C. Slavs
D. Tartars
3. The northern tribes were mostly ruled by （）.
A. elder leaders
B. military chiefs
C. wise men
D. noblemen
4. The Carolingian Dynasty was expanded by （）.
A. seizing territories
B. staging wars
C. collecting treasures
D. inter-marriage
5. Charlemagne offered his reign through the court which worked for the emperor in the guise of （）.
A. ministers
B. generals
C. general assemblies
D. deputies
6. The bourgeoisie was a result of （） production in terms of wage-payment and profit.
A. mass
B. agricultural
C. industrial
D. commercial
7. The Renaissance was the （） stage of the Middle Ages before the moder epoch.
A. transitional
B. last
C. initial
D. preparatory
8. The earliest university in Europe was the one established in （）.
A. Berlin
B. Rome
C. Bologna
D. Oxford
9. The Renaissance made its first appearance in the city of （）.
A. Venice
B. Paris
C. Florence
D. London
10. The core idea of the Renaissance was （）.
A. rationalism
B. realism
C. humanism
D. classicism
11. Which of the following philosophers first put forward the idea of the division of power? （）
A. David Hume.
B. John Locke.
C. George Berkeley.
D. Voltaire.
12. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and United States Declaration of Independence obtained much of their source and inspiration from （） Spirit of Laws.
A. Montesquieu's
B. Voltaire's
C. Rousseau's
D. Diderot's
13. Montesquieu's theory of the division of power divides the political, authority into （）.
A. legislative, administrative and judicial powers
B. legislative, executive and judicial powers
C. legislative, executive, and electional powers
D. legislative, executive and law enforcement powers
14. Rousseau is famous for his idea of （）.
A. the divine right of the king
B. the social contract
C. the divine right of human beings
D. empiricism
15. The Enlightenment is not opposed to （）.
A. superstition
B. feudalism
C. rationalism
D. absolutism
16. Romanticism first began under the influence of （）.
A. Wordsworth
B. Coleridge
C. Rousseau
D. Byron
17. English romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of （） Lyrical Ballads.
A. Wordsworth and Southey's
B. Coleridge and Southey's
C. Wordsworth and Coleridge's
D. Southey and Blake's
18. The most famous German romantic writer is Goethe whose representative works include （）.
A. Faust and The Robber
B. Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther
C. Dr. Faustus and The Sorrows of Young Werther
D. Faust and The Divine Comedy
19. Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection put forward in his （） dealt a fatal blow to the Christian creationism.
A. Natural Selection
B. Survival of the Fittest
C. The Origin of Species
D. Law of the Jungle
20. English realism finds its best expression in （）.
A. novels
B. poetry
C. drama
D. painting
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