人工智能写作工具的自动社交存在对中国英语作为外语的大学生二语写作焦虑的影响

Dear Participant,

Thank you for taking the time to participate in this research study. This questionnaire aims to investigate Chinese EFL university students’ experiences with AI writing tools (e.g., ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Doubao, Kimi) when completing English writing tasks. Your responses will help us better understand how AI writing assistants influence students’ psychological experiences in second language writing.

This survey will take approximately 12-15 minutes to complete. All responses are anonymous and confidential. There are no right or wrong answers—please respond based on your actual experiences and perceptions.

Your participation is entirely voluntary. You may withdraw at any time without penalty.

Section 1: Screening Questions

Please answer the following questions to determine your eligibility for this study.

1.

1. Have you used AI tools to assist with English writing tasks?

2.

In the past month, approximately how many times have you used AI tools to assist with English writing?

3.

Which AI tool(s) have you primarily used for English writing assistance? (Select all that apply)

Section 2: Demographic Information

4.

Gender

5. Age
6. Year of study
7. Major field of study
8.

How long have you been using AI tools for English writing assistance?

Section 3: Automated Social Presence (ASP)

The following statements describe your perceptions of AI writing tools when using them for English writing assistance. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

9. AI writing tools make me feel a sense of personalness.
10. AI writing tools make me feel a sense of sociability.
11. AI writing tools make me feel a sense of human warmth.
12. AI writing tools make me feel a sense of familiarity with our conversation.
13. AI writing tools make me feel a sense of being friendly.
14. I can communicate with AI writing tools whenever I want.
15. I can communicate with AI writing tools from anywhere.
16. AI writing tools can understand my specific writing needs.
17. AI writing tools always look for ways to make my writing experience enjoyable.
18. AI writing tools make me feel that it is normal for me to have different writing ideas.
19. I can get a relevant response from AI writing tools regarding my writing questions.
20. I can get the writing suggestions I expect from AI writing tools.
21. I can get an appropriate response from AI writing tools for my writing.
22. I can get useful writing information from AI writing tools.
23. AI writing tools can respond to me when I need them.
24. I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools in many forms.
25. I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various nonverbal forms (e.g., symbols, images).
26. I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various ways of language.
27. I can express my writing ideas to AI writing tools through various symbols.
28. AI writing tools are well-trained for writing assistance.
29. AI writing tools are experienced in providing writing support.
30. AI writing tools understand my writing preferences very well.

Section 4: AI Self-Efficacy (AISE)

The following statements describe your confidence in using AI tools for English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

31. AI tools make my English writing tasks easier.
32. I find that AI tools are helpful for my English writing.
33. AI tools are good aids for my English writing.
34. Using AI tools makes English writing more interesting.
35. I am confident in my ability to learn how to use AI tools effectively for English writing.
36. AI tools help me save a lot of time in English writing.
37. I find it easy to get AI tools to do what I want them to do for my English writing.

Section 5: AI Dependency (AID)

The following statements describe your reliance on AI tools for English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

38. I feel unprotected when I do not have access to AI tools for English writing.
39. I am concerned about being left behind in my writing tasks if I do not use AI tools.
40. I do everything possible to stay updated with AI tools to remain competitive in English writing.
41. I constantly need validation or feedback from AI toolsto feel confident in my English writing.
42. I fear that AI tools might replace my current English writing skills or abilities.

Section 6: Second Language Writing Anxiety (L2WA)

The following statements describe your feelings about English writing. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

43. I worry that my English compositions are a lot worse than others’.
44. If my English composition is to be evaluated, I would worry about getting a very poor grade.
45. I am afraid that the other students would deride my English composition if they read it.
46. I am afraid of my English composition being chosen as a sample for discussion in class.
47. While writing in English, I often worry that the ways I express and organize my ideas do not conform to the norm of English writing.
48. While writing in English, I often worry that I would use expressions and sentence patterns improperly.
Attention detection
49. To ensure the quality of responses, please select “Agree” for this item.

Section 7: Lying Flat(LF)

The following statements describe your attitudes toward English writing achievement. Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with each statement.

(1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree)

50. I do not have any goals and pursuits for improving my English writing.
51. I feel that it is hard to improve my English writing with my personal efforts, so I choose to give up trying.
52. I don't work hard at English writing tasks.
53. I am always reluctant to put effort into English writing assignments.
54. I often finish my English writing tasks perfunctorily.
55. I am satisfied with my current English writing level and don't want to strive for improvement.
End of Questionnaire
Thank you for completing this questionnaire. Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute valuable insights to our understanding of AI-assisted language learning.
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