Perceived Stress Scale

Please assess the frequency with which you have experienced the following feelings or situations in the past month. Please select the most appropriate option. 

1= Never, 2= rarely, 3= Sometimes, 4= often, 5= always

Explanation:
1. Source of Questionnaire：
On the internet, Professor Li Hong's "The Compilation of the College Students' Stress Scale" was published in the Chinese journal "Psychological Science", Volume 28, Issue 5, 2005, pages 1153-1155.
2. Core measurement objective: The individual's subjective perception of the intensity of their own stress state over the past month (including the sources of stress, stress coping abilities, and stress emotional experiences).
3. Numerical Calculation Method
There is no reverse scoring. The scores of the 15 items (ranging from 1 to 5 points) are simply added together;
Total score range: 15 points (all items selected as "never") - 75 points (all items selected as "always").
Result interpretation: The higher the total score, the greater the perceived stress level of the participants in the past month, and the stronger the subjective perceived stress intensity.
1. How often have you been upset by unexpected things in the past month?
2. How often have you felt unable to control the important things in your life in the past month?
3. How often have you felt tense or "under a lot of pressure" in the past month?
4. How often have you felt insecure about your ability to handle personal issues in the past month?
5. How often have you felt that things were not going as you wished in the past month?
6. How often have you found yourself unable to handle all the things you had to do in the past month?
7. How often have you felt unsuccessful when dealing with annoying life troubles in the past month?
8. How often have you felt unable to control your anger in life over the past month?
9. How often have you felt that you couldn't handle things in the past month?
10. How often have you been angry over things getting out of control in the past month?
11. How often have you thought about the mountain of things you have to do in the past month?
12. How often have you felt that you couldn't control the way you wasted your time in the past month?
13. How often have you felt that difficulties piled up like a mountain in the past month and couldn't be overcome?
14. How often have you felt that you had difficulty effectively dealing with the important changes in your life over the past month?
15. How often have you felt stressed due to academic burdens such as exams, homework, and papers in the past month?
Scoring instructions: Add up the scores of all 15 questions (1 to 5 points) directly to obtain the total score. The total score ranges from 15 to 75 points. The higher the score, the higher the perceived level of stress.
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