使用数字绘画设备的作画从业者作业环境、久坐行为与肌肉骨骼不适的关系：一项混合研究

我已阅读并理解研究说明，并自愿同意参加本研究。I have read and understood the study information and voluntarily agree to participate in this study.
性别Gender
年龄Age
身高（cm）Height (cm）
体重（kg）Weight (kg)
您全职从事数字作画相关工作已有多久？不足1年者，请在“年”填写0，并在“月”填写实际月份。（请填写XX年XX月）How many years have you been working full-time in digital drawing-related work?If less than 1 year, please enter 0 for years and the actual number of months for months. (Please fill in XX year XX month)
是否抽烟Do you smoke?
您每周工作多少天？How many days do you work each week?
您每周的工作日中有多少天是在家工作的？How many days of your working week do you work from home?

北欧肌肉骨骼问卷（Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ）

本部分用于了解您在不同身体部位的肌肉骨骼不适情况。请根据您的实际情况作答，每题仅选择一个答案。如您对某题难以判断，请尽量选择最符合您情况的选项。即使您从未在某一身体部位出现过相关不适，也请先回答该部位的首个问题；若该部位在过去12个月内出现过不适，请继续回答后续相关问题，若未出现过不适，系统将自动跳过后续问题。

Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ)
This section is used to understand your musculoskeletal discomfort in different body parts. Please answer based on your actual situation. Only one answer can be selected for each question. If you have difficulty making a judgment on a certain question, please try to choose the option that best suits your situation. Even if you have never experienced any related discomfort in a certain part of your body, please answer the first question about that part first. If you have experienced any discomfort in this area within the past 12 months, please continue to answer the subsequent related questions. If you have not experienced any discomfort, the system will automatically skip the subsequent questions.

在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的颈部是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your neck (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您颈部的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your neck?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的颈部是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your neck?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的肩膀是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your shoulders (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您肩膀的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your shoulders?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的肩膀是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your shoulders?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的肘部是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your elbows (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您肘部的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your elbows?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的肘部是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your elbows?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的手/手腕是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your wrists/hands (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您手/手腕的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your wrists/hands?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的手/手腕是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your wrists/hands?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的上背部是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your upper back (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您上背部的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your upper back?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的上背部是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your upper back?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的下背部（腰部）是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in your lower back (small of back)(such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您下背部（腰部）的问题是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in your lower back (small of back)?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的下背部（腰部）是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in your lower back (small of back)?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的臀部/大腿是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in one or both hips/thighs (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的臀部/大腿是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in one or both hips/thighs?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的一边或两边的臀部/大腿是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in one or both hips/thighs?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的膝盖是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in one or both knees (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的膝盖是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in one or both knees?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的一边或两边的膝盖是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in one or both knees?
在这张图中，你可以看到问题中所提到身体部位的大致位置。各部位的边界并非严格划分，某些部位之间存在重叠。如果你有（或曾有）不适，请自行判断不适属于哪个部位。
In this picture, you can see the approximate positions of the body parts mentioned in the question. The boundaries of each part are not strictly demarcated, and there is overlap between some parts. If you have (or have experienced) discomfort, please determine for yourself which part of the body the discomfort belongs to.
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的脚踝/脚是否出现过问题（酸痛、疼痛、不适、麻木）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you had any trouble in one or both ankles/feet (such as ache, pain, discomfort, or numbness)?
在过去12个月的任何时候，您的一边或两边的脚踝/脚是否曾使你无法进行日常工作（在家或在外）？At any time during the past 12 months, have you been prevented from doing your normal work (at home or away from home) because of trouble in one or both ankles/feet?
在过去7天的任何时候，您的一边或两边的脚踝/脚是否出现过这些问题？At any time during the past 7 days, have you had any trouble in one or both ankles/feet?

计算机工作站电子工具（Computer Workstations eTool）
本部分用于了解您的数字作画工作环境设置情况，包括设备、桌椅及工作站配置等。请根据您的实际情况回答。每题仅选择一个答案（是 / 否）。若选择“否”，可能提示该项存在需要改善之处。
Computer Workstations eTool
This section is used to understand your digital drawing workstation setup, including equipment, desk, chair, and workstation arrangement. Please answer according to your actual situation. Choose only one answer for each question (Yes / No). A “No” response may indicate that this aspect needs improvement.

良好的工作位置

为了了解设置计算机工作站的最佳方法，了解中性身体定位的概念是有帮助的。这是一个舒适的工作姿势，你的关节自然对齐。以中立的姿势与身体一起工作可以减轻肌肉、肌腱和骨骼系统的压力和紧张，并降低你患肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）的风险。以下是在电脑工作站工作时尝试保持中性身体姿势的重要注意事项：

手、手腕和前臂笔直、对等，与地板大致平行。

头部水平，面向前方，平衡。一般来说，它与軀托对线。

肩膀放松，上臂正常垂在身体两侧。

肘部靠近身体，弯曲90到120度。

脚完全由地板支撑，或者如果桌子高度无法调节，可以使用脚踏板。

垂直坐着或稍微向后倾斜时，背部得到适当的腰部支撑。

大腿和臀部被支撑，通常与地板平行。

膝盖和臀部的高度差不多，脚稍微向前。


Good Working Positions

To understand the best way to set up a computer workstation, it is helpful to understand the concept of neutral body positioning. This is a comfortable working posture in which your joints are naturally aligned. Working with the body in a neutral position reduces stress and strain on the muscles, tendons, and skeletal system and reduces your risk of developing a musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). The following are important considerations when attempting to maintain neutral body postures while working at the computer workstation:

Hands, wrists, and forearms are straight, in-line and roughly parallel to the floor.

Head is level, forward facing, and balanced. Generally it is in-line with the torso.

Shoulders are relaxed and upper arms hang normally at the side of the body.

Elbows stay in close to the body and are bent between 90 and 120 degrees.

Feet are fully supported by the floor or a footrest may be used if the desk height is not adjustable.

Back is fully supported with appropriate lumbar support when sitting vertical or leaning back slightly.

Thighs and hips are supported and generally parallel to the floor.

Knees are about the same height as the hips with the feet slightly forward.


工作站：通过摆放与调节促进中立姿势WORK STATIONS - Arrange and adjust the computer workstation to promote neutral postures.

1.头部与颈部保持平衡，并与躯干在一条直线上（耳朵在肩膀正上方，不前屈或后仰）。Head and neck are balanced and in-line with torso (ears directly above the shoulders not bent forward or back).
2.头、颈、躯干朝向正前方（不为看显示器/工作/文件而扭转）。Head, neck, and trunk facing forward (not twisted to view monitor/work/documents).
3.躯干保持垂直或略微后仰（参考“良好工作姿势”建议）。Torso is vertical to slightly reclined (see recommendations in Good Working Postures).
4.背部能被椅子的腰部支撑充分支托。Back is fully supported by chair lumbar support.
5.肩部放松（不耸肩/不抬高）;上臂与躯干保持同一直线（除非由工作台面支撑，否则不抬高或前伸）。Shoulders are relaxed (not elevated). Upper arms Shoulders are relaxed (not elevated). Upper arms are in-line with

torso, (not elevated or stretched forward unless supported by work surface).

6.肘部靠近身体（除非由工作台面或椅子扶手支撑，否则不向前伸或向外张）。Elbows are close to the body (not extended forward or outward unless supported by work surface or chair armrests).
7.前臂大致与地面平行，且与上臂夹角约 90–100°。Forearms are approximately parallel to the floor and about 90 to 100 degrees to the upper arm.
8.手腕与手与前臂保持直线对齐（不向上/下或向侧方弯折）。Wrists and hands are straight in alignment to the forearm (not bent up/down or sideways).
9.大腿大致与地面平行;小腿大致与地面垂直（大腿可略高于膝，参考“良好工作姿势”中“后倾坐姿”建议）。Thighs are approximately parallel to the floor (and lower legs are approximately perpendicular to floor (thighs may be slightly elevated above knees see recommendations in Good Working Posture for declined seated postures).
10.工作台面下方空间充足:大腿上缘与桌面/键盘托之间有净空（大腿不被“卡住”）。There should be sulicient room under the work surface so thighs have clearance space between the top of the thighs and the computer table/keyboard platform (thighs are not trapped).
11.工作台面下方前向空间充足:使用者能靠近键盘/输入设备。Legs and feet have sulicient forward clearance under the work surface so the user is able to get close to the keyboard/input device.
12.双脚能平放地面;若工作台面无法调整，则应由稳定的脚踏支撑。Feet rest flat on the floor or are supported by a stable footrest if the work surface cannot be adjusted.
13.与手、手腕或前臂接触的尖锐或直角边缘应加垫或做圆角处理。Sharp or square edges that contact hands, wrists, or forearms are padded or rounded.

座椅：评估椅子时考虑SEATING - Consider these points when evaluating the chair.

1.椅子靠背高度可调，以便为下背部（腰部）提供支撑。Backrest has height adjustability so support is provided for the lower back (lumbar area).
2.椅子有结实的五爪底座。Chair has a sturdy 5 leg base.
3.椅子的座面宽度与深度应适合使用者（足够宽便于进出;足够深以支撑整段大腿，但不能深到影响使用腰靠）。Seat width and depth should accommodate the specific user (seat pan should be wide enough for ease of egress and deep enough to support the entire thigh but not so deep that user cannot utilize lumbar support.)
4.椅子座面前缘不压迫膝窝与小腿后侧（座面不过长）;大腿不会明显悬出座面前缘（座面不过短）。Seat front does not press against the back of users knees and lower legs (seat pan not too long). Thighs do not significantly hang o! the front edge of the seat. (Seat pan not too short).
5.椅子座面有缓冲、边缘圆润，并具有“瀑布式”前缘（无锐边）。Seat is cushioned and rounded with a "waterfall" front (no sharp edge).
6.座椅高度可调，并能实现与工作台面的良好对齐。Seat height is adjustable and allows for proper alignment with the work surface.
7.椅子若使用扶手:扶手应可调（上下、内外），并在进行电脑任务时支撑双前臂;且不妨碍椅子在台面下方移动或定位。Armrests, if used, should be adjustable (both up and down and in and out) and support both forearms while user performs computer tasks. They should not interfere with movement or positioning of the chair under the work surface.
8.椅子若配有头枕:头枕可调，且不会把头部推到中立位之前（造成前伸）。Head Rest (if provided) is adjustable and does not push the head forward past neutral.
9.椅子的脚轮适配地面材质（在地毯/软地面易滚动;在瓷砖/硬地面不至于过滑，避免坐下/起身时椅子“滑走”）。Casters are appropriate for the floor surface. (They move easily on carpet of other so" surfaces but do not move so easily on tile or hard surfaces that the chair "scoots" away during sitting down or getting up from chair).
10.椅子的各项调节操作直观，且坐在椅子上即可方便完成。Adjustments are straight forward and easy to perform while seated in the chair.

键盘/输入设备：评估键盘或指向设备(鼠标，轨迹球，触控笔、滚轮鼠标、摇杆等)。KEYBOARD/INPUT DEVICE - Consider these points when evaluating the keyboard or pointing device (mouse, trackball,touch pen, roller mouse, joy stick, etc.).

1.键盘/输入设备托盘（平台）稳固，且面积足以放置键盘与输入设备。Keyboard/input device platform(s) is stable and large enough to hold a keyboard and an input device.
2.托盘可调，使双手位于键盘上方、肘部靠近躯干，肘角约 90–100°（参考“良好工作姿势”）。Keyboard/input device platform(s) can be adjusted so the hands are positioned over the keyboard with the elbows near the torso at an angle of 90 to 100 degrees. (See suggestions in Good Working Postures).
3.键盘可调至水平或略为负倾角。Keyboard can be adjusted to a horizontal or slightly negative slope.
4.输入设备（鼠标/轨迹球）紧邻键盘放置，操作时无需伸手去够。Input device (mouse or trackball) is located right next to the keyboard so it can be operated without reaching.
5.输入设备易于点击/启动，形状与尺寸适合手（不宜过大或过小）;最好能左右手交替使用，以获得工作中的休息间隔。Input device is easy to activate and the shape/size fits hand (not too big/small). It may be desirable to have an input device that can be used with either hand to provide periods of working rest.
6.输入设备尽量靠近身体中线，且与键盘处于同一高度。Input device is located as close to the midline of the body as possible and at the same level as the keyboard.
7.若使用触屏设备进行数据输入:当每天使用超过 2 小时或单次超过 30 分钟时，应提供分离式键盘与鼠标。If a touchscreen device is used for data input, a detached keyboard and mouse are available if duration of use is more than 2 hours per day or 30 minutes at a time.
8.不应存在会接触手腕与手的尖锐或坚硬边缘。There are no sharp or hard edges that contact the wrists and hands.

显示器：评估显示器及其摆放MONITOR – Consider these points when evaluating the monitor and its placement.

1.显示器可调范围充足，使屏幕顶部与眼平齐或低于眼平;阅读时无需低头或仰头。The monitor has sufficient adjustability so the top of the screen is at or below eye level so the user can read it without bending their head or neck down/back.
2.可调性足够，使戴双焦/三焦眼镜者无需仰头也能阅读屏幕。Adjustability is sufficient so users with bifocals/trifocals can read the screen without bending the head or neck backward.
3.空间足够，使显示器可放在合适距离，阅读时无需头、颈或躯干前倾/后仰（一般约 46–51 厘米或一臂距离）。There is sufficient room so the monitor can be placed at a distance which allows the user to read the screen without leaning head, neck or trunk forward/backward. (Generally, about 18 to 20 inches or arm length)
4.显示器正对使用者，无需扭转头或颈。Monitor position is directly in front of the user so they do not have to twist head or neck.
5.若使用多台显示器:主显示器正对使用者，其他显示器紧邻其侧;若使用时间在各显示器之间平均分配，则应并排放在舒适视角范围内，尽量减少头部运动。If multiple monitors are used, the position of the primary monitor is directly in front of the user and the other monitors are directly beside it. If time is split evenly between monitors, they are next to each other within a comfortable viewing angle with minimal head movement.
6.屏幕不应反射来自窗户/灯光的眩光，避免使用者眯眼或采取别扭姿势看清屏幕内容。Glare (from windows, lights) is not reflected on screen causing the user to squint or assume awkward postures to clearly see information on the screen.
7.显示器亮度与对比度已调至舒适。Monitor brightness and contrast is adjusted for comfort.

移动设备MOBILE DEVICES

1.若笔记本作为主要电脑使用，应按台式机相同的人体工学原则布置，并提供独立键盘与输入设备。If laptops are used as a primary computer they are set up using the same ergonomic principles as desktop computers.A separate keyboard and input device are provided.
2.若在办公室外使用笔记本（如飞机、酒店），应定期改变姿势以改善颈部与手腕姿势，并尽量减少笔记本使用时长。If laptops are used outside the o!ice, (e.g. on a plane, in a hotel) user postures should be changed regularly to improve neck and wrist posture and duration of time on laptop should be minimized.
3.在车辆内使用笔记本时，应以舒适角度摆放且尽量少用;进行电脑任务时应频繁休息。Laptops used in vehicles are set up at a comfortable angle and infrequent use. The user should take frequent breaks from computer tasks.
4.当平板用于长时间打字时，应提供独立键盘与触控笔。A separate keyboard and stylus are available when tablets are used for typing performed for extended periods of time.
5.使用平板与手机时应保持肩放松、上臂靠近躯干、颈部保持中立位，避免为看屏幕而过度低头。Tablets and smartphones should be used with the shoulders relaxed, arms positioned near the torso, and neck in a neutral posture without excessive neck bending to view the screen.

辅助配件ACCESSORIES

1.若提供文件架:应稳固，且足以放置文件（纸张、活页夹或书籍）。Document holder, if provided, is stable and large enough to hold documents (paper, binders, or books).
2.若提供文件架:其高度与距离应与显示器屏幕大致相同。Document holder, if provided, is placed at about the same height and distance as the monitor screen.
3.若提供腕托/掌托:应有软垫，且与手腕接触处无尖锐或直角边缘。Wrist/palm rest, if provided, is padded and free of sharp or square edges that contact the wrists.
4.若提供腕托/掌托:应使前臂、手腕与手保持直线对齐;其高度与键盘前缘一致。Wrist/palm rest, if provided, allows user you to keep your forearms, wrists, and hands straight and in-line when using the keyboard/input device. Height matches the front edge of the keyboard.
5.电话应放在靠近工作区的位置，避免过度伸手去够（一般在 46–51 厘米内）。Telephone is positioned close to the work to avoid excessive reaches. Generally, within 18 to 20 inches.
6.使用电话时应能保持头部直立（不歪/不夹），肩部放松;若需要同时打电话与用电脑，可能需要使用耳机。Telephone can be used with head upright (not bent) and shoulders relaxed. If phone and computer are used at the same time, this may require the use of a headset.
7.若使用耳机:佩戴应舒适，不宜过紧，也不宜过松以致无法稳固固定在头上。Headset, if used, has a comfortable fit. Not too tight, or so loose that if will not maintain its position on the users head.
8.若因键盘与显示器可调性不足导致双脚无法平放地面，应提供脚踏;脚踏应有倾角并能支撑双脚。Footrest is provided if the feet are not flat on the floor because the keyboard and monitor do not have sufficient adjustability. If used the footrest should be angled and support both feet.

整体建议GENERAL CONCEPTS

1.工作站与设备具有足够可调性，使使用者能处于安全/支撑性的工作姿势，并能在电脑任务中偶尔轻松变换姿势。Workstation and equipment have sufficient adjustability so users are in a safe/supportive working posture and can easily make occasional changes in posture while performing computer tasks.
2.工作站、各组件与附件维护良好，处于可用状态并功能正常。Computer workstation, components and accessories are maintained in serviceable condition and function properly.
3.需要频繁取用的物品应在易够范围内（通常肘部靠近身体即可）;偶尔使用的物品可放在接近一臂范围。Items that must be accessed frequently are within easy reach, generally with the elbows close the body. Items used occasionally can be at nearly full arm reach.
4.电脑任务组织方式应允许使用者在键盘任务与其他工作之间切换，或提供微休息/恢复暂停的机会。Computer tasks are organized in a way that allows users to vary keyboard tasks with other work activities, or provide an opportunity for micro-breaks or recovery pauses while at the computer workstation.
5.使用者能在坐与站的姿势/活动之间交替，以增加全班次中的活动与变化;应避免长时间持续坐或持续站。User has the ability to alternate between sitting and standing postures or activities to provide opportunities for movement and variability throughout the shift. Prolonged sitting or standing should be avoided.
6.照明水平可随不同任务调节;文书工作应提供更亮的任务照明，普通电脑工作应使用较低的环境照明。Lighting levels are adjustable for di!ering tasks. Brighter task lights should be provided for paperwork and lower lighting should be used for general computer work.

职业坐姿与身体活动问卷Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ)

1. 在过去 7 天里，你工作了多少小时？How many hours did you work in the last 7 days?

1. 在过去七天内，你有多少天是工作的？During the last 7 days, how many days were you at work?

例:

小明是行政官员。她每天的工作包括在办公桌前的电脑上工作，接电话，整理文件，复印文件，在办公室里走来走去。小明会这样描述过去7天的典型工作日：

Example:

Jane is an administrative officer. Her work day involves working on the computer at her desk, answering the phone, filing documents, photocopying, and some walking around the office.Jane would describe a typical work day in the last 7 days like this:


Sitting (including driving)                               90 %

Standing                                                       5 %

Walking                                                         5 %

Heavy labour or physically demanding tasks       0 %

                                                         Total 100 %

你如何描述你过去7天的工作日？(这只涉及你的工作日，不包括上下班的路程，或者你在你的

休闲时间) How would you describe your typical work day in the last 7 days? (This involves only your work day, and does not include travel to and from work, or what you did in your

leisure time)

坐着（%）（包括开车）Sitting（%） (including driving)
站立（%）Standing（%）
步行（%）Walking（%）
重体力劳动或体力要求高的任务（%）Heavy labour or physically demanding tasks（%）
合计（%）（请确保以上百分比相加为 100%）Total（%）（Make sure this adds up to 100%）

工作场所久坐中断问卷

Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ)

短时的身体活动休息＝在工作中任何对久坐时间的中断

我们想探究的一个领域是，你是否在工作时间从工作任务中休息一下。在一个典型的工作日里，你可能会有机会在工作之余进行短暂的体育锻炼。这是对你工作时坐着时间的任何干扰。例如，从你的办公桌/工作站抽出时间四处走动，也许是去喝一杯，去洗手间，甚至是站着继续工作。

在你每个连续工作的一个小时里，你通常会从坐着的状态中休息几次（比如站起来、伸展身体或走一小段路）？

Short Physcial Activity Breaks = any interruption to sitting time at work

One area we wish to explore is whether you take breaks from your working tasks during work hours. During a typical working day there may be opportunities to take short physical activity breaks from your working tasks. This is any interruption to your sitting time at work. For example, taking time away from your desk/workstation to move around perhaps to get a drink, have a bathroom break or even continuing a work task while standing.

How many breaks from sitting (such as standing up, or stretching or taking a short walk) during one hour of sitting would you typically take at work?

在一个典型的工作日里，在工作中每连续久坐 1 小时，你通常会进行多少次从久坐中断的休息（例如站起来、伸展，或短距离走动）？During a typical work day how many breaks from sitting (such as standing up, or stretching or taking a short walk) during one hour of sitting would you take at work?
在一个典型的工作日里，你在工作中用于短时身体活动休息的总时间是多少？What is the total time you spend in short physical activity breaks during a typical day at work?
您是否愿意参加后续的访谈？（所需时间20～30分钟）Would you like to participate in the subsequent interview?(Required time: 20 to 30 minutes)
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