Survey on Air Pollution Perception & Health Risk Cognition

Dear Participant, this survey aims to investigate air pollution perception among university students in Selangor (Bangsar, Pantai Dalam, Bangi, Serdang).

· Target: Full-time university students residing in the area for >2 year.

· Privacy: Anonymous and confidential.

· Time: Approx. 5-8 minutes.

Peserta yang dihormati, Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi pencemaran udara dalam kalangan pelajar universiti di Selangor (Bangsar, Pantai Dalam, Bangi, Serdang).

· Sasaran: Pelajar universiti sepenuh masa yang menetap di kawasan tersebut selama >2 tahun.

· Privasi: Tanpa nama dan sulit. Data hanya digunakan untuk tujuan akademik.

· Masa: Anggaran 5-8 minit.

Section 1: Eligibility Check (Bahagian 1: Semakan Kelayakan)

1.

[Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] How long have you lived in your current residential community? Berapa lamakah anda telah menetap di komuniti kediaman anda sekarang?

2.

[Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Where do you currently live? Di manakah anda tinggal sekarang?

Section 2: Socio-Demographic Profile (Bahagian 2: Profil Sosio-Demografi)

3.

[Short Answer / Soalan Jawapan Ringkas] Age (Umur): ____ (Validation: Number / Pengesahan: Nombor)



4.

[Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Gender (Jantina):

5.

[Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Nationality (Kewarganegaraan):

6. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Housing Type (Jenis Kediaman):
7. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Primary Mode of Transport to University (Mod Pengangkutan Utama ke Universiti):
8. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Field of Study (Bidang Pengajian):
9. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Estimated Monthly Allowance/Income (Anggaran Elaun / Pendapatan Bulanan):
10. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Do you smoke or vape? (Adakah anda merokok atau menggunakan vape?)
11. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Do you have any pre-existing respiratory conditions? (Adakah anda mempunyai sebarang masalah pernafasan sedia ada?)

Section 3: Perception of Air Pollution (Bahagian 3:Persepsi Pencemaran Udara)

12.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] How severe do you consider the air pollution in your current residential area? (Sejauh manakah tahap keseriusan pencemaran udara di kawasan kediaman anda sekarang pada pendapat anda?)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Not severe at all / Tidak serius langsung

Label 5: Extremely severe / Sangat serius

13. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] Over the past year, how do you perceive the trend of air quality in your area? (Sepanjang tahun lalu, bagaimanakah anda melihat trend kualiti udara di kawasan anda?)
14.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] How concerned are you about the air quality in your daily life? (Sejauh manakah anda bimbang tentang kualiti udara dalam kehidupan seharian anda?)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Not concerned at all / Tidak bimbang langsung

Label 5: Extremely concerned / Sangat bimbang

15.

[Checkboxes / Kotak Pilihan] What do you think are the PRIMARY sources of pollution near your residence? (Select Max 2) (Apakah sumber pencemaran UTAMA berhampiran kediaman anda pada pendapat anda?) (Pilih Maksimum 2)

16.

[Multiple Choice Grid / Grid Aneka Pilihan] In the past 6 months, how often have you noticed the following? (Dalam 6 bulan yang lalu, berapa kerapkah anda menyedari perkara berikut?)

  • Never / Tidak pernah
  • Occasionally / Kadang-kadang
  • Frequently / Kerap
Smelled unpleasant odors (e.g., burning smell) / Terhidu bau yang tidak menyenangkan (cth., bau terbakar)
Seen haze, dust, or smog in the air / Nampak jerebu, habuk, atau asbut di udara

Section 4: Health Risk Cognition (Bahagian 4:Kognisi Risiko Kesihatan)

17.

[Multiple Choice Grid / Grid Aneka Pilihan] Health Knowledge: Do you agree with the following statements? (Pengetahuan Kesihatan: Adakah anda bersetuju dengan kenyataan berikut?)

  • Strongly Disagree (Sangat tidak bersetuju)
  • Disagree (Tidak bersetuju)
  • Neutral (Neutral)
  • Agree (Bersetuju)
  • Strongly Agree (Sangat bersetuju)
Air pollution can trigger/worsen asthma & cough. (Pencemaran udara boleh mencetuskan/memburukkan asma dan batuk.)
Long-term exposure can lead to heart disease/stroke. (Pendedahan jangka panjang boleh menyebabkan penyakit jantung atau strok.)
Air pollution may increase risk of anxiety/depression. (Pencemaran udara mungkin meningkatkan risiko kebimbangan atau kemurungan.)
Air pollution is particularly harmful to vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. (Pencemaran udara sangat berbahaya terutamanya kepada golongan rentan seperti kanak-kanak dan warga emas.)
Prolonged exposure to poor air quality can negatively affect life expectancy. (Pendedahan berpanjangan kepada kualiti udara yang buruk boleh memberi kesan negatif kepada jangka hayat.)
Air pollution only harms people who already have health issues. (Pencemaran udara hanya membahayakan orang yang sudah mempunyai masalah kesihatan sedia ada.)
18.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] How likely do you think YOU are to get sick (e.g., cough, allergy) due to the current air quality? (Sejauh manakah kemungkinan ANDA sendiri akan jatuh sakit (cth., batuk, alahan) disebabkan kualiti udara semasa?)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Highly Unlikely / Sangat tidak mungkin

Label 5: Highly Likely / Sangat mungkin

19.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] To what extent does the air pollution (dust/odor) in your area annoy or disturb you? (Sejauh manakah pencemaran udara (habuk/bau) di kawasan anda menjengkelkan atau mengganggu anda?)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Not at all / Tidak mengganggu langsung

Label 5: Intolerable / Tidak boleh ditoleransi

20.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] I feel I have the ability and resources to protect myself from the negative impacts of air pollution. (Saya rasa saya mempunyai keupayaan dan sumber untuk melindungi diri saya daripada kesan negatif pencemaran udara.)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Strongly Disagree / Sangat tidak bersetuju

Label 5: Strongly Agree / Sangat bersetuju

21.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] How often do you actively check air quality information (e.g., AQI apps, weather reports, news)? (Sejauh manakah anda secara aktif menyemak maklumat kualiti udara (cth., aplikasi AQI, laporan cuaca, berita)?)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Never / Tidak pernah

Label 5: Frequently / Kerap

22.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] I feel confident in judging whether the air quality is harmful based on available information. (Saya yakin bahawa saya boleh menilai sama ada kualiti udara berbahaya berdasarkan maklumat yang tersedia.)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Strongly Disagree / Sangat tidak bersetuju

Label 5: Strongly Agree / Sangat bersetuju

23.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] I know what actions to take when air quality becomes poor. (Saya tahu tindakan apa yang perlu diambil apabila kualiti udara menjadi buruk.)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Strongly Disagree / Sangat tidak bersetuju

Label 5: Strongly Agree / Sangat bersetuju

24.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] I take protective actions mainly because I feel the air pollution is harmful or disturbing. (Saya mengambil langkah perlindungan terutamanya kerana saya merasakan pencemaran udara berbahaya atau mengganggu.)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Strongly Disagree / Sangat tidak bersetuju

Label 5: Strongly Agree / Sangat bersetuju

25.

[Linear Scale / Skala Linear] I take protective actions mainly because I know the health risks of air pollution. (Saya mengambil langkah perlindungan terutamanya kerana saya mengetahui risiko kesihatan pencemaran udara.)

Scale: 1 to 5 / Skala: 1 hingga 5

Label 1: Strongly Disagree / Sangat tidak bersetuju

Label 5: Strongly Agree / Sangat bersetuju

Section 5: Symptoms & Adaptive Behaviors (Bahagian 5:Simptom & Tingkah Laku Adaptif)

26. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] On average, how many hours per day do you spend OUTDOORS? (Secara purata, berapa jam sehari anda menghabiskan masa di LUAR BANGUNAN?)
27.

 [Multiple Choice Grid / Grid Aneka Pilihan] In the past 6 months, how often have you experienced the following symptoms (not due to cold/flu)? (Dalam 6 bulan yang lalu, berapa kerapkah anda mengalami simptom berikut (bukan disebabkan selesema/demam)?)

  • Never / Tidak pernah
  • Rarely / Jarang
  • Sometimes / Kadang-kadang
  • Often / Kerap
  • Always / Selalu
Shortness of breath / Sesak nafas
Chest tightness / Dada ketat
Long-term cough / Batuk berpanjangan
Eye irritation (Pain/Dry) / Kerengsaan mata (Sakit / Kering)
Skin irritation (Itchiness) / Kerengsaan kulit (Gatal-gatal)
Sore throat / Sakit tekak
Sleep disturbance or insomnia / Gangguan tidur atau insomnia
Difficulty concentrating on studies / Sukar memberi tumpuan kepada pelajaran
Frequent mood swings or irritability / Kerap mengalami perubahan emosi (mood) atau cepat marah
28.

[Multiple Choice Grid / Grid Aneka Pilihan] When you perceive the air quality is poor, how often do you take the following actions? (Apabila anda merasakan kualiti udara adalah teruk, berapa kerapkah anda mengambil tindakan berikut?)

  • Never / Tidak pernah
  • Rarely / Jarang
  • Sometimes / Kadang-kadang
  • Often / Kerap
  • Always / Selalu
Wear a mask outdoors / Memakai pelitup muka di luar
Close windows in room/hostel / Menutup tingkap bilik/asrama
Cancel outdoor exercise / Membatalkan senaman luar
Use an air purifier (if available) / Menggunakan penapis udara (jika ada)
Plant air-purifying plants / Menanam tumbuhan pembersih udara
Check the Air Quality Index (AQI) on apps/websites / Menyemak Indeks Kualiti Udara (IPU/AQI) di aplikasi/laman web
29. [Multiple Choice / Soalan Aneka Pilihan] If you rarely or never take certain protective actions (e.g., using an air purifier, planting), what is the MAIN reason? (Jika anda jarang atau tidak pernah mengambil tindakan perlindungan tertentu (cth., menggunakan penapis udara, menanam tumbuhan), apakah sebab UTAMA?)
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