Thank you for participating in this survey. The purpose is to understand your认知 of Kunming's cultural landscapes and revisit intention. Please answer based on your actual experience. All data will be kept confidential.
1. Gender Male Female Prefer not to say
2. Age Group 18–24 years 25–34 years 35–44 years 45–54 years 55 years and above
3. Nationality Chinese (Mainland) Chinese (Hong Kong / Macau / Taiwan) International tourist (Asia) International tourist (Europe / America / Others)
4. Highest Education Level High school or below Diploma / Vocational Bachelor’s degree Master’s degree Doctoral degree
5. Monthly Personal Income (RMB) Less than 5,000 RMB 5,000 – 10,000 RMB 10,001 – 20,000 RMB 20,001 – 30,000 RMB More than 30,000 RMB
6. Number of Visits to Kunming 1 time 2–3 times 4–5 times More than 5 times
7. Purpose of Visit to Kunming Leisure / Tourism Cultural / Heritage exploration Business / Work Visiting friends or relatives Other
8. Use of Smart Tourism Technology in Kunming (e.g., mobile apps, QR systems, digital guides, AI services) Very low Low Moderate High Very high
9. Digital Travel Experience Level (Overall experience using digital tools during travel in China) Very inexperienced Inexperienced Moderate Experienced Very experienced
Smart & Sustainable Cultural Landscape (SCL) 10. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
This destination in Kunming effectively integrates smart technologies into tourism services.
Smart technologies enhance my understanding of local Chinese culture in Kunming.
The destination demonstrates strong environmental responsibility.
Cultural heritage is well preserved in this destination.
Tourism development respects authentic local traditions in Kunming.
The destination promotes sustainable tourism practices.
Technology-Enhanced Experience Quality (TEEQ) 11. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
Smart tourism technologies improve my travel efficiency in Kunming.
Digital tourism services are easy to use.
Technology enhances my overall travel enjoyment.
The experience feels personalized through digital services.
Real-time digital information improves my travel experience.
Technology makes my travel experience more convenient.
Tourist Emotional Engagement (TEE) 12. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
I feel emotionally connected to this destination in Kunming.
I feel excited during my visit.
I experience enjoyment here.
I feel immersed in the tourism environment.
This destination creates meaningful experiences for me.
I feel emotionally involved in this destination.
Destination Image (DI) 13. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
This destination in Kunming has a positive overall image.
The destination is attractive.
The destination has a unique cultural identity.
I have a favorable impression of this destination.
The destination meets my expectations.
The destination is of high quality.
Perceived Authenticity (PA) 14. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
The cultural experiences in Kunming feel authentic.
This destination reflects genuine Chinese cultural traditions.
The tourism experiences are not artificially staged.
I perceive this destination as culturally authentic.
The destination preserves its original cultural character.
The cultural environment feels real and truthful.
Place Attachment (PLA) 15. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
I feel emotionally attached to this destination in Kunming.
This destination has personal meaning for me.
I feel a sense of belonging here.
I feel connected to this destination.
This destination is special to me.
I identify with this destination.
Revisit Intention (RI) 16. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
I intend to revisit this destination in Kunming in the future.
I will likely return to this destination.
I plan to visit this destination again.
I would choose this destination over others.
I would recommend this destination to others.
This destination is my preferred choice for future travel.
Tourist Revisit Inertia (TRI) 17. Please indicate your level of agreement with each statement based on your experience in Kunming, China.
Revisiting this destination has become a habit for me.
I return here without much thought.
I automatically consider this destination when traveling.
Choosing this destination requires little effort.
I revisit because I am familiar with it.
Returning here feels natural and routine.
18. Are there any other comments or suggestions regarding your experience with Kunming's cultural landscapes or smart tourism technologies?