QUIZ 2
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1. According to the ILAE 2017 classification, a seizure beginning with jerking of the mouth corner and localized epileptiform discharges on EEG is classified as:（）
A. Generalized onset tonic-clonic seizure
B. Focal onset motor seizure
C. Unknown onset nonmotor seizure
D. Generalized absence seizure
2. Which of the following is the MOST common etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage （）? （B）
A. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
B. Hypertensive vasculopathy
C. Arteriovenous malformation
D. Bleeding disorder
3. A patient with sudden-onset severe headache describes it as "the worst headache of my life." Noncontrast head CT reveals blood in the subarachnoid space. The gold standard test for detecting the underlying aneurysm is:（）
A. CT angiography (CTA)
B. MRI
C. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
D. Lumbar puncture
4. For a patient with acute ischemic stroke who is eligible for intravenous thrombolysis, the time window for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is: （）
A. ≤ 3 hours from onset
B. ≤ 4.5 hours from onset
C. ≤ 6 hours from onset
D. ≤ 24 hours from onset
5. In the ABCD² score for assessing stroke risk after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which of the following clinical features contributes the HIGHEST number of points? （）
A. Age ≥ 60 years
B. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg
C. Unilateral weakness with or without speech disturbance
D. Diabetes mellitus
6. A 45-year-old man sustains a traumatic head injury. Initial CT scan shows a crescent-shaped hemorrhage. This radiographic appearance is MOST characteristic of: （）
A. Epidural hematoma
B. Subdural hematoma
C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
7. 【Case 1】 A 16-year-old boy presents with acute paraplegia, a T10 sensory level for pain and temperature, absent muscle stretch reflexes, and urinary retention. CSF shows protein 175 mg/dL with lymphocytic pleocytosis. Spinal MRI reveals a focal demyelinating lesion at T9–T11. What is the most likely diagnosis? （）
A. Acute transverse myelitis
B. Compressive myelopathy due to epidural abscess
C. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
D. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
8. 【Case 2】 A 68-year-old man falls and immediately develops paralysis from the neck down, with numbness in all extremities. MRI shows a centrally herniated nucleus pulposus at C3–C4 causing spinal cord compression. Emergency surgical decompression is performed. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of this condition? （）
A. Acute inflammatory demyelination of the spinal cord
B. Compression of the spinal cord by an extramedullary space-occupying lesion
C. Thrombosis of the anterior spinal artery
D. Hemorrhage into the spinal cord parenchyma
9. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a focal (partial) seizure? （）
A. Immediate loss of consciousness at onset
B. The person is always unconscious during the seizure
C. The seizure may begin with jerking of the fingers and march along the primary motor cortex (Jacksonian march)
D. EEG shows generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave pattern
10. 【Case 3】 A 65-year-old male with hypertension suddenly develops right-sided facial weakness. On examination, the lower part of the face is paralyzed, but he can still wrinkle his forehead and close his eyes tightly on both sides. He also has right arm and leg weakness. Where is the MOST likely location of the lesion? （）
A. Right facial nucleus in the pons
B. Left primary motor cortex or internal capsule
C. Right peripheral facial nerve
D. Left medulla oblongata
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